महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-59, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः शांतनवो भीष्मो दुराधर्षः प्रतापवान् ।
वध्यमानेषु योधेषु धनंजयमुपाद्रवत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ śāṁtanavo bhīṣmo durādharṣaḥ pratāpavān ,
vadhyamāneṣu yodheṣu dhanaṁjayamupādravat.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ śāntanavaḥ bhīṣmaḥ durādharṣaḥ
pratāpavān vadhyamāneṣu yodheṣu dhanaṃjayam upādravat

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, Bhishma, the son of Śāntanu, who was both unassailable and valorous, rushed towards Dhananjaya (Arjuna) while the warriors were being slaughtered.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence of events. (then, thence, thereafter)

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma. (son of Śāntanu)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pandavas, commander of the Kuru army. (Bhishma (proper name))

• दुराधर्षः (durādharṣaḥ) - Describes Bhishma's prowess. (unassailable, difficult to overcome, invincible)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - Describes Bhishma's strength and glory. (mighty, glorious, valorous, powerful)

• वध्यमानेषु (vadhyamāneṣu) - Refers to the other warriors on the battlefield who were being killed. (being killed, being slain, while being slaughtered)

• योधेषु (yodheṣu) - among the warriors, concerning the warriors

• धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - A name of Arjuna, meaning 'conqueror of wealth'. (Dhananjaya)

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - Bhishma rushed towards Arjuna. (rushed towards, attacked, approached rapidly)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, student of Vyasa, narrator of the Mahābhārata.

Patronymic from viśampayana.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular Reduplicated Perfect (Lit) form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence of events. (then, thence, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronominal stem tad + suffix -tas.

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma. (son of Śāntanu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Śāntanu, son of Śāntanu

From śāntanu + patronymic suffix -a.

Note: An epithet for Bhishma.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pandavas, commander of the Kuru army. (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrific, formidable, awesome; proper name of a key character in the Mahābhārata

From √bhīṣ (to frighten).

Root: bhīṣ (class 2)

दुराधर्षः (durādharṣaḥ) - Describes Bhishma's prowess. (unassailable, difficult to overcome, invincible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - difficult to overcome, unassailable, formidable, invincible

Gerundive

From dur (difficult) + ā + √dhṛṣ (to be bold, dare).

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (dus+ādhṛṣa)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable (prefix)
• ādhṛṣa – daring, assailing
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From ā + √dhṛṣ (to be bold)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Describes Bhishma.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - Describes Bhishma's strength and glory. (mighty, glorious, valorous, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, powerful, glorious, valorous, splendid

From pratāpa (power, glory) + possessive suffix -vat.

Note: Describes Bhishma.

वध्यमानेषु (vadhyamāneṣu) - Refers to the other warriors on the battlefield who were being killed. (being killed, being slain, while being slaughtered)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain

Present Passive Participle

Derived from √vadh (to strike, kill) in the passive voice with suffix -māna.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with yodheṣu.

योधेषु (yodheṣu) - among the warriors, concerning the warriors

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

From √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with vadhyamāneṣu.

धनंजयम् (dhanaṁjayam) - A name of Arjuna, meaning 'conqueror of wealth'. (Dhananjaya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth (epithet of Arjuna); fire

From dhana (wealth) + jaya (conqueror).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of upādravat.

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - Bhishma rushed towards Arjuna. (rushed towards, attacked, approached rapidly)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of drāv

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular Imperfect (Laṅ) form of √dru (to run) with preverb upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: dru (class 1)