महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-59, verse-7

ते ध्वजं पाण्डुपुत्रस्य समासाद्य पतत्रिणः ।
ज्वलन्तः कपिमाजघ्नुर्ध्वजाग्रनिलयांश्च तान् ॥७॥

7. te dhvajaṁ pāṇḍuputrasya samāsādya patatriṇaḥ ,
jvalantaḥ kapimājaghnurdhvajāgranilayāṁśca tān.

7. te dhvajam pāṇḍuputrasya samāsādya patatriṇaḥ
jvalantaḥ kapim ājaghnuḥ dhvajāgranilayān ca tān

7. Those blazing, flying arrows, having reached the banner of Arjuna (Pāṇḍuputra), struck the ape (kapi) and also those dwelling at the top of the banner.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner, flag, standard

• पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Arjuna (of the son of Pandu)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having approached, having obtained

• पतत्रिणः (patatriṇaḥ) - arrows (in the context of battle) (flying ones, birds, arrows)

• ज्वलन्तः (jvalantaḥ) - blazing, burning, shining

• कपिम् (kapim) - referring to Hanumān, Arjuna's banner emblem (ape, monkey)

• आजघ्नुः (ājaghnuḥ) - they struck, they hit

• ध्वजाग्रनिलयान् (dhvajāgranilayān) - those residing at the top of the banner

• च (ca) - and

• तान् (tān) - those, them

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative plural of tad, referring to the arrows.

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner, flag, standard

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard, mark, sign

पाण्डुपुत्रस्य (pāṇḍuputrasya) - of Arjuna (of the son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having approached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root sad with upasargas sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

पतत्रिणः (patatriṇaḥ) - arrows (in the context of battle) (flying ones, birds, arrows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patatrin

patatrin - flying, winged, bird, arrow

ज्वलन्तः (jvalantaḥ) - blazing, burning, shining

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jvalant

jvalant - blazing, burning, shining

present active participle

Derived from root jval, present participle suffix -ant

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative plural, modifying patatriṇaḥ

कपिम् (kapim) - referring to Hanumān, Arjuna's banner emblem (ape, monkey)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - ape, monkey

आजघ्नुः (ājaghnuḥ) - they struck, they hit

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of han

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Parasmaipada perfect 3rd person plural of han with upasarga ā

ध्वजाग्रनिलयान् (dhvajāgranilayān) - those residing at the top of the banner

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhvajāgranilaya

dhvajāgranilaya - residing at the top of the banner

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhvaja+agra+nilaya)

• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, front, summit
  noun (neuter)
• nilaya – abode, dwelling, resident
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the guardian deities/spirits traditionally invoked to reside on a banner.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - those, them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine accusative plural of tad, referring back to dhvajāgranilayān