महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-59, verse-2

प्रगृह्य कार्मुकश्रेष्ठं जातरूपपरिष्कृतम् ।
शरानादाय तीक्ष्णाग्रान्मर्मभेदप्रमाथिनः ॥२॥

2. pragṛhya kārmukaśreṣṭhaṁ jātarūpapariṣkṛtam ,
śarānādāya tīkṣṇāgrānmarmabhedapramāthinaḥ.

2. pragṛhya kārmukaśreṣṭham jātarūpapariṣkṛtam
śarān ādāya tīkṣṇāgrān marmabhedapramāthinaḥ

2. Grasping his finest bow, which was embellished with gold, and taking up sharp-tipped arrows that pierce vital spots and cause destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken up

• कार्मुकश्रेष्ठम् (kārmukaśreṣṭham) - Refers to Arjuna's bow, Gāṇḍīva, known for its excellence. (the best bow, the excellent bow)

• जातरूपपरिष्कृतम् (jātarūpapariṣkṛtam) - Describes the bow. (adorned with gold, embellished with gold)

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having picked up, having seized

• तीक्ष्णाग्रान् (tīkṣṇāgrān) - Describes the arrows. (sharp-tipped, with sharp points)

• मर्मभेदप्रमाथिनः (marmabhedapramāthinaḥ) - Describes the destructive nature of the arrows. (piercing vital spots and destroying)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, having grasped, having taken up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From pra + √grah + suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

कार्मुकश्रेष्ठम् (kārmukaśreṣṭham) - Refers to Arjuna's bow, Gāṇḍīva, known for its excellence. (the best bow, the excellent bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārmukaśreṣṭha

kārmukaśreṣṭha - the best bow, excellent bow

Compound type : tatpurusha (kārmuka+śreṣṭha)

• kārmuka – bow
  noun (neuter)
  From karmuk (a kind of reed, hence a bow).
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, superior
  adjective (neuter)
  Superlative of praśasya (praiseworthy).

Note: Object of pragṛhya.

जातरूपपरिष्कृतम् (jātarūpapariṣkṛtam) - Describes the bow. (adorned with gold, embellished with gold)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jātarūpapariṣkṛta

jātarūpapariṣkṛta - adorned with gold, embellished with gold

Compound type : tatpurusha (jātarūpa+pariṣkṛta)

• jātarūpa – gold
  noun (neuter)
  Lit. 'natural form' or 'innate beauty', referring to gold.
• pariṣkṛta – adorned, embellished, prepared
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pari + √kṛ (to make, do) + -ta.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Describes kārmukaśreṣṭham.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow; reed, grass

From √śṛ (to hurt, kill).

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of ādāya.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having picked up, having seized

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ā + √dā (to take) + suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

तीक्ष्णाग्रान् (tīkṣṇāgrān) - Describes the arrows. (sharp-tipped, with sharp points)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇāgra

tīkṣṇāgra - sharp-pointed, sharp-tipped

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tīkṣṇa+agra)

• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, piercing
  adjective (masculine)
• agra – tip, point, front, chief
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes śarān.

मर्मभेदप्रमाथिनः (marmabhedapramāthinaḥ) - Describes the destructive nature of the arrows. (piercing vital spots and destroying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of marmabhedapramāthin

marmabhedapramāthin - piercing vital spots and destroying; causing great pain by striking vital parts

Derived from marma-bheda (piercing vital spots) and pramāthin (destroying).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (marma+bheda+pramāthin)

• marma – vital spot, vulnerable point
  noun (neuter)
• bheda – piercing, breaking, splitting
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From √bhid (to split, pierce)
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• pramāthin – destroying, crushing, disturbing
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun (suffix -in)
  From pra + √math (to churn, destroy)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: math (class 1)

Note: Describes śarān.