महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-59, verse-43

स पीडितो महाबाहुर्गृहीत्वा रथकूबरम् ।
गाङ्गेयो युधि दुर्धर्षस्तस्थौ दीर्घमिवातुरः ॥४३॥

43. sa pīḍito mahābāhurgṛhītvā rathakūbaram ,
gāṅgeyo yudhi durdharṣastasthau dīrghamivāturaḥ.

43. sa pīḍitaḥ mahābāhuḥ gṛhītvā rathakūbaram gāṅgeyaḥ
yudhi durgharṣaḥ tasthau dīrgham iva āturaḥ

43. Though formidable in battle, the mighty-armed son of Ganga (Gāṅgeya), being distressed, stood for a long time as if ailing, clutching the chariot pole.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - He (Bhishma) (he, that)

• पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - distressed (afflicted, tormented, distressed)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed (Bhishma) (mighty-armed)

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having seized (having seized, having taken, holding)

• रथकूबरम् (rathakūbaram) - the pole of the chariot (chariot pole)

• गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Ganga (Gāṅgeya)) (son of Ganga)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in fight)

• दुर्घर्षः (durgharṣaḥ) - formidable (unassailable, formidable, invincible)

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood (stood, remained)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - for a long time (long, for a long time)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as)

• आतुरः (āturaḥ) - ailing, distressed (sick, distressed, afflicted, ailing)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - He (Bhishma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - distressed (afflicted, tormented, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - afflicted, pained, tormented, distressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pīḍ' (to vex, harass, oppress) with suffix '-ta'

Root: pīḍ (class 1)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed (Bhishma) (mighty-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having seized (having seized, having taken, holding)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'grah' (to seize, take) with suffix '-tvā'

Root: grah (class 9)

रथकूबरम् (rathakūbaram) - the pole of the chariot (chariot pole)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathakūbara

rathakūbara - chariot pole

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+kūbara)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• kūbara – pole of a chariot, shaft
  noun (masculine/neuter)

गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Ganga (Gāṅgeya)) (son of Ganga)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Ganga

युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle, in fight)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

दुर्घर्षः (durgharṣaḥ) - formidable (unassailable, formidable, invincible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durgharṣa

durgharṣa - unassailable, unconquerable, formidable

Prefix: dur

Root: ghṛṣ (class 1)

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood (stood, remained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice

Root: sthā (class 1)

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - for a long time (long, for a long time)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extensive, protracted

Note: Adverbial use.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

आतुरः (āturaḥ) - ailing, distressed (sick, distressed, afflicted, ailing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātura

ātura - sick, ill, distressed, afflicted, suffering