महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-263, verse-16

राक्षसं शङ्कमानस्तु विकृष्य बलवद्धनुः ।
अभ्यधावत काकुत्स्थस्ततस्तं सहलक्ष्मणः ॥१६॥

16. rākṣasaṁ śaṅkamānastu vikṛṣya balavaddhanuḥ ,
abhyadhāvata kākutsthastatastaṁ sahalakṣmaṇaḥ.

16. rākṣasam śaṅkamānaḥ tu vikṛṣya balavat dhanuḥ
abhyadhāvata kākutsthaḥ tataḥ tam saha lakṣmaṇaḥ

16. But suspecting him to be a demon (rākṣasa), Rama, the descendant of Kakutstha, having powerfully drawn his bow, then rushed towards him along with Lakshmana.

Words meanings summery:

• राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - a demon (rākṣasa) (demon, monstrous)

• शङ्कमानः (śaṅkamānaḥ) - (Rama) suspecting (suspecting, doubting, fearing)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• विकृष्य (vikṛṣya) - having drawn (the bow) (having drawn, having pulled apart)

• बलवत् (balavat) - powerfully, strongly, vigorously

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• अभ्यधावत (abhyadhāvata) - rushed towards, attacked

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Kakutstha (Rama))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, therefore

• तम् (tam) - the vulture (him, that)

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

Words meanings and morphology

राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - a demon (rākṣasa) (demon, monstrous)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon (rākṣasa), belonging to a rākṣasa

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of śaṅkamānaḥ (suspecting).

शङ्कमानः (śaṅkamānaḥ) - (Rama) suspecting (suspecting, doubting, fearing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṅkamāna

śaṅkamāna - suspecting, doubting, fearing, being apprehensive

Present Middle Participle (śānac)

From root √śaṅk (to doubt, fear) in middle voice, present tense, with śānac suffix.

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kākutsthaḥ (Rama).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

विकृष्य (vikṛṣya) - having drawn (the bow) (having drawn, having pulled apart)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (lyap)

From root √kṛṣ (to draw, pull) with prefix vi- + lyap (gerund suffix for prefixed verbs).

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

बलवत् (balavat) - powerfully, strongly, vigorously

(indeclinable)

From 'bala' (strength) + 'matup' (possessive suffix), used as an adverb.

Note: An adjective used adverbially. The neuter singular nominative/accusative of an adjective often functions as an adverb.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Root: dhan

Note: Object of vikṛṣya.

अभ्यधावत (abhyadhāvata) - rushed towards, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhidhāv

Imperfect Tense (laṅ)

√dhāv (to run) with prefixes abhi-. Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, ātmanepada (here, though dhāv is usually parasmaipada, usage allows for epic Sanskrit).

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Kakutstha (Rama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet of Rama)

Derived from Kakutstha, a famous ancestor.

Note: Subject of abhyadhāvata.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, therefore

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad'.

तम् (tam) - the vulture (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Object of abhyadhāvata.

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

Note: Here, 'saha lakṣmaṇaḥ' implies Lakshmana's companionship. It's often interpreted as an elliptical 'Rama (and) Lakshmana (rushed)' or 'Rama along with Lakshmana'.

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's younger brother)

Note: Co-subject with kākutsthaḥ or accompanies him.