महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-263, verse-13

गर्हयन्नेव रामस्तु त्वरितस्तं समासदत् ।
अपि जीवति वैदेही नेति पश्यामि लक्ष्मण ॥१३॥

13. garhayanneva rāmastu tvaritastaṁ samāsadat ,
api jīvati vaidehī neti paśyāmi lakṣmaṇa.

13. garhayan eva rāmaḥ tu tvaritaḥ tam samāsadat
api jīvati vaidehī na iti paśyāmi lakṣmaṇa

13. Still rebuking, Rama swiftly approached him. "Lakshmana, I cannot tell if Vaidehi (Sita) is alive or not."

Words meanings summery:

• गर्हयन् (garhayan) - scolding, rebuking, blaming

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, hastened, quickly

• तम् (tam) - Lakshmana (him, that)

• समासदत् (samāsadat) - approached, reached

• अपि (api) - used to introduce a question (also, even, (interrogative particle))

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, is alive

• वैदेही (vaidehī) - Sita (daughter of Videha)

• न (na) - not, no

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quote or thought (thus, so, (quotative particle))

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - Here, implies 'I can ascertain' or 'I know'. 'I do not see that she lives' or 'I see that she does not (live)'. Thus, 'I cannot tell.' (I see, I perceive, I understand)

• लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa) - O Lakshmana

Words meanings and morphology

गर्हयन् (garhayan) - scolding, rebuking, blaming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garhayat

garhayat - scolding, rebuking, blaming

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √garh (to blame, censure) + causative suffix -aya + śatṛ (present active participle)

Root: garh (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, truly

(indeclinable)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a celebrated hero, the seventh incarnation of Viṣṇu)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift, hastened, quickly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - swift, hastened, quick

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tvar (to hasten) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Often used adverbially to mean 'quickly, swiftly'. Here, it describes Rama.

तम् (tam) - Lakshmana (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

समासदत् (samāsadat) - approached, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of samāsad

Aorist

√sad (to sit, go) with prefixes sam-ā. Aorist (luṅ) in 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

अपि (api) - used to introduce a question (also, even, (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, is alive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Present Tense

√jīv (to live), present tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: jīv (class 1)

वैदेही (vaidehī) - Sita (daughter of Videha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - daughter of Videha (Sita)

Feminine derivation from Videha, referring to Sita.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quote or thought (thus, so, (quotative particle))

(indeclinable)

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - Here, implies 'I can ascertain' or 'I know'. 'I do not see that she lives' or 'I see that she does not (live)'. Thus, 'I cannot tell.' (I see, I perceive, I understand)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of paś

Present Tense

√dṛś (to see), with present stem paśya-, 1st person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa) - O Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's younger brother)

Vocative form of Lakshmana.