महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-263, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
सखा दशरथस्यासीज्जटायुररुणात्मजः ।
गृध्रराजो महावीर्यः संपातिर्यस्य सोदरः ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
sakhā daśarathasyāsījjaṭāyuraruṇātmajaḥ ,
gṛdhrarājo mahāvīryaḥ saṁpātiryasya sodaraḥ.

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca sakhā daśarathasya āsīt jaṭāyuḥ aruṇa
ātmajaḥ gṛdhrarājaḥ mahāvīryaḥ saṃpātiḥ yasya sodaraḥ

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Jaṭāyu, the son of Aruṇa, was a friend of Daśaratha. He was the king of vultures, of great valor, and Saṃpāti was his brother.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

• दशरथस्य (daśarathasya) - of Daśaratha

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Name of the vulture king (Jaṭāyu)

• अरुण (aruṇa) - Name of the deity who chariots the sun (Aruṇa)

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, born from oneself

• गृध्रराजः (gṛdhrarājaḥ) - king of vultures

• महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - of great valor, very powerful

• संपातिः (saṁpātiḥ) - Name of Jaṭāyu's brother (Saṃpāti)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

• सोदरः (sodaraḥ) - brother, born from the same womb

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative 3rd person singular

Root vac, perfect tense. The 'v' becomes 'u' in the perfect stem.

Root: vac (class 2)

सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

दशरथस्य (daśarathasya) - of Daśaratha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Name of a king, father of Rāma

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

imperfect active indicative 3rd person singular

Root as, imperfect tense, augment 'a' and ending 't'.

Root: as (class 2)

जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Name of the vulture king (Jaṭāyu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Name of a famous vulture

अरुण (aruṇa) - Name of the deity who chariots the sun (Aruṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aruṇa

aruṇa - The red, dawn, name of the charioteer of the Sun god

Note: Part of the compound 'aruṇātmajaḥ'

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, born from oneself

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, born from self, own-born

Derived from ātman (self) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, supreme spirit
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Part of the compound 'aruṇātmajaḥ'

गृध्रराजः (gṛdhrarājaḥ) - king of vultures

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛdhrarāja

gṛdhrarāja - king of vultures

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛdhra+rājan)

• gṛdhra – vulture
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - of great valor, very powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvīrya

mahāvīrya - having great strength/valor/energy

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vīrya – valor, strength, heroism, energy
  noun (neuter)

संपातिः (saṁpātiḥ) - Name of Jaṭāyu's brother (Saṃpāti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃpāti

saṁpāti - Name of Jaṭāyu's elder brother

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Jaṭāyu.

सोदरः (sodaraḥ) - brother, born from the same womb

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sodara

sodara - born from the same womb, brother

From sa (same) + udara (womb).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+udara)

• sa – with, together with, same
  indeclinable
• udara – womb, belly
  noun (neuter)