महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-263, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
सखा दशरथस्यासीज्जटायुररुणात्मजः ।
गृध्रराजो महावीर्यः संपातिर्यस्य सोदरः ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
sakhā daśarathasyāsījjaṭāyuraruṇātmajaḥ ,
gṛdhrarājo mahāvīryaḥ saṁpātiryasya sodaraḥ.

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca sakhā daśarathasya āsīt jaṭāyuḥ aruṇa
ātmajaḥ gṛdhrarājaḥ mahāvīryaḥ saṃpātiḥ yasya sodaraḥ

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Jaṭāyu, the son of Aruṇa, was a friend of Daśaratha. He was the king of vultures, of great valor, and Saṃpāti was his brother.

1. מָארְקַנְדֵיַה אמר. ג׳ַטָאיוּ בן אַרוּנַה היה ידידו של דַשַׁרַטְהַא, מלך הנשרים האדיר בגבורתו, שאחיו היה סַמְפָּאטִי.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

• दशरथस्य (daśarathasya) - of Daśaratha

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Name of the vulture king (Jaṭāyu)

• अरुण (aruṇa) - Name of the deity who chariots the sun (Aruṇa)

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, born from oneself

• गृध्रराजः (gṛdhrarājaḥ) - king of vultures

• महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - of great valor, very powerful

• संपातिः (saṁpātiḥ) - Name of Jaṭāyu's brother (Saṃpāti)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

• सोदरः (sodaraḥ) - brother, born from the same womb

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative 3rd person singular

Root vac, perfect tense. The 'v' becomes 'u' in the perfect stem.

Root: vac (class 2)

सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

दशरथस्य (daśarathasya) - of Daśaratha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Name of a king, father of Rāma

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

imperfect active indicative 3rd person singular

Root as, imperfect tense, augment 'a' and ending 't'.

Root: as (class 2)

जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Name of the vulture king (Jaṭāyu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Name of a famous vulture

अरुण (aruṇa) - Name of the deity who chariots the sun (Aruṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aruṇa

aruṇa - The red, dawn, name of the charioteer of the Sun god

Note: Part of the compound 'aruṇātmajaḥ'

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son, born from oneself

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, born from self, own-born

Derived from ātman (self) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, supreme spirit
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Part of the compound 'aruṇātmajaḥ'

गृध्रराजः (gṛdhrarājaḥ) - king of vultures

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛdhrarāja

gṛdhrarāja - king of vultures

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛdhra+rājan)

• gṛdhra – vulture
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

महावीर्यः (mahāvīryaḥ) - of great valor, very powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvīrya

mahāvīrya - having great strength/valor/energy

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vīrya – valor, strength, heroism, energy
  noun (neuter)

संपातिः (saṁpātiḥ) - Name of Jaṭāyu's brother (Saṃpāti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃpāti

saṁpāti - Name of Jaṭāyu's elder brother

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Jaṭāyu.

सोदरः (sodaraḥ) - brother, born from the same womb

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sodara

sodara - born from the same womb, brother

From sa (same) + udara (womb).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+udara)

• sa – with, together with, same
  indeclinable
• udara – womb, belly
  noun (neuter)

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