महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-262, verse-40

भर्त्सयित्वा तु रूक्षेण स्वरेण गतचेतनाम् ।
मूर्धजेषु निजग्राह खमुपाचक्रमे ततः ॥४०॥

40. bhartsayitvā tu rūkṣeṇa svareṇa gatacetanām ,
mūrdhajeṣu nijagrāha khamupācakrame tataḥ.

40. bhartsayitvā tu rūkṣeṇa svareṇa gatacetanām
mūrdhajeṣu nijagrāha kham upācakrame tataḥ

40. Having rebuked the unconscious woman (gatacetanā) with a harsh voice, he seized her by her hair (mūrdhajeṣu) and then ascended into the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• भर्त्सयित्वा (bhartsayitvā) - having rebuked (her) (having rebuked, having threatened)

• तु (tu) - then, and then (indicating a sequence) (but, indeed, however)

• रूक्षेण (rūkṣeṇa) - with a harsh (voice) (with harsh, with rough, with cruel)

• स्वरेण (svareṇa) - with (his) voice (by voice, with voice)

• गतचेतनाम् (gatacetanām) - the unconscious woman (Sītā) (unconscious, deprived of sense)

• मूर्धजेषु (mūrdhajeṣu) - by her hair (on the hair, by the hair (locative plural))

• निजग्राह (nijagrāha) - he seized (her) (he seized, he grasped)

• खम् (kham) - the sky (sky, atmosphere, space)

• उपाचक्रमे (upācakrame) - he ascended (into) (he ascended, he began to move towards)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (subsequently) (then, thence, from there)

Words meanings and morphology

भर्त्सयित्वा (bhartsayitvā) - having rebuked (her) (having rebuked, having threatened)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from denominative verb BHARTS (from bhartsa, 'reproach') with suffix -tvā.

Root: bharts (class 10)

Note: Absolutive/gerund.

तु (tu) - then, and then (indicating a sequence) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

रूक्षेण (rūkṣeṇa) - with a harsh (voice) (with harsh, with rough, with cruel)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - harsh, rough, dry, cruel

Note: Agrees with 'svareṇa'.

स्वरेण (svareṇa) - with (his) voice (by voice, with voice)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svara

svara - voice, sound, tone

गतचेतनाम् (gatacetanām) - the unconscious woman (Sītā) (unconscious, deprived of sense)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gatacetanā

gatacetanā - unconscious, deprived of sense, fainted

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'gata' (gone) + 'cetanā' (consciousness).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+cetanā)

• gata – gone, departed, reached
  past passive participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root GAM 'to go'.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetanā – consciousness, intelligence, soul
  noun (feminine)

Note: Adjective modifying an implied Sītā.

मूर्धजेषु (mūrdhajeṣu) - by her hair (on the hair, by the hair (locative plural))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of mūrdhaja

mūrdhaja - hair of the head (literally, "born on the head")

Compound of 'mūrdhan' (head) and 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mūrdhan+ja)

• mūrdhan – head
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root JAN 'to be born'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Locative case here indicates 'by means of' or 'at' for physical action.

निजग्राह (nijagrāha) - he seized (her) (he seized, he grasped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of nigrah

perfect tense

Root GRAH with upasarga NI, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada. Reduplicated form.

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

खम् (kham) - the sky (sky, atmosphere, space)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - sky, atmosphere, space, ether

उपाचक्रमे (upācakrame) - he ascended (into) (he ascended, he began to move towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of upa-kram

perfect tense

Root KRAM with upasargas UPA and Ā, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: The initial 'ā' is part of the upasarga.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (subsequently) (then, thence, from there)

(indeclinable)