महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-262, verse-18

रामस्तस्याः प्रियं कुर्वन्धनुरादाय सत्वरः ।
रक्षार्थे लक्ष्मणं न्यस्य प्रययौ मृगलिप्सया ॥१८॥

18. rāmastasyāḥ priyaṁ kurvandhanurādāya satvaraḥ ,
rakṣārthe lakṣmaṇaṁ nyasya prayayau mṛgalipsayā.

18. rāmaḥ tasyāḥ priyam kurvan dhanuḥ ādāya satvaraḥ
rakṣārthe lakṣmaṇam nyasya prayayau mṛgalipsayā

18. To please her, Rāma swiftly took his bow, and placing Lakṣmaṇa for protection, he set off with the desire to catch the deer.

Words meanings summery:

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Prince Rāma, son of Daśaratha (Rāma)

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - to please Sītā (of her, for her)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - that which is pleasing to Sītā (dear, pleasing thing)

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing what was dear to her (Sītā) (doing, making, performing)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - his bow (bow)

• आदाय (ādāya) - Rāma taking his bow (having taken, taking)

• सत्वरः (satvaraḥ) - Rāma, being swift (quick, swift, speedy)

• रक्षार्थे (rakṣārthe) - for the protection of Sītā (for the sake of protection, for protection)

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Rāma's younger brother Lakṣmaṇa (Lakṣmaṇa)

• न्यस्य (nyasya) - Rāma entrusting Sītā's protection to Lakṣmaṇa (having placed, having entrusted)

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - Rāma departed (he went, he departed)

• मृगलिप्सया (mṛgalipsayā) - with the desire to catch the golden deer (Mārīca in disguise) (with the desire for a deer, out of desire to catch a deer)

Words meanings and morphology

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Prince Rāma, son of Daśaratha (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name); charming, pleasing

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - to please Sītā (of her, for her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Also dative singular feminine. In this context, 'for her' implies pleasing her, so genitive for possession or dative for purpose.

प्रियम् (priyam) - that which is pleasing to Sītā (dear, pleasing thing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved; a beloved person or thing

Note: Functions as a noun here, 'a pleasing thing'.

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing what was dear to her (Sītā) (doing, making, performing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (class 8) with -at suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with Rāma.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - his bow (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

आदाय (ādāya) - Rāma taking his bow (having taken, taking)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed with prefix ā- and root dā (class 3) with -ya suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

सत्वरः (satvaraḥ) - Rāma, being swift (quick, swift, speedy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satvara

satvara - quick, speedy, swift

Note: Agrees with Rāma.

रक्षार्थे (rakṣārthe) - for the protection of Sītā (for the sake of protection, for protection)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rakṣārtha

rakṣārtha - for the sake of protection, for protection

Compound type : tatpurusha (rakṣā+artha)

• rakṣā – protection, guarding
  noun (feminine)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative case often expresses purpose.

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Rāma's younger brother Lakṣmaṇa (Lakṣmaṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakṣmaṇa (proper name)

Note: Object of 'nyasya'.

न्यस्य (nyasya) - Rāma entrusting Sītā's protection to Lakṣmaṇa (having placed, having entrusted)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed with prefix ni- and root as (class 4) with -ya suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - Rāma departed (he went, he departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect Active

Derived from root yā (class 2) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

मृगलिप्सया (mṛgalipsayā) - with the desire to catch the golden deer (Mārīca in disguise) (with the desire for a deer, out of desire to catch a deer)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mṛgalipsā

mṛgalipsā - desire for a deer, longing for a deer

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛga+lipsā)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• lipsā – desire, longing
  noun (feminine)
  From root labh (class 1) with desiderative suffix -sa + ā.
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Expresses the reason or means.