महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-149, verse-48

बुद्ध्या सुप्रतिपन्नेषु कुर्यात्साधुपरिग्रहम् ।
निग्रहं चाप्यशिष्टेषु निर्मर्यादेषु कारयेत् ॥४८॥

48. buddhyā supratipanneṣu kuryātsādhuparigraham ,
nigrahaṁ cāpyaśiṣṭeṣu nirmaryādeṣu kārayet.

48. buddhyā supratipanneṣu kuryāt sādhuparigraham
nigraham ca api aśiṣṭeṣu nirmaryādeṣu kārayet

48. With discernment (buddhi), one should favor well-behaved individuals, and also inflict punishment upon the ill-behaved and those who disregard proper boundaries.

Words meanings summery:

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding, with discernment

• सुप्रतिपन्नेषु (supratipanneṣu) - among those who are well-behaved, towards the well-understood

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should make

• साधुपरिग्रहम् (sādhuparigraham) - acceptance of good people, protection of the righteous

• निग्रहम् (nigraham) - punishment, control, suppression

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अशिष्टेषु (aśiṣṭeṣu) - among the ill-behaved, towards the uncivilized

• निर्मर्यादेषु (nirmaryādeṣu) - among the lawless, towards those without proper boundaries

• कारयेत् (kārayet) - one should cause to be done, one should inflict

Words meanings and morphology

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding, with discernment

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, mind, perception, understanding, wisdom

from root budh (to know, perceive)

Root: budh (class 1)

सुप्रतिपन्नेषु (supratipanneṣu) - among those who are well-behaved, towards the well-understood

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of supratipanna

supratipanna - well-behaved, proper, well-established, well-disposed, properly understood

Past Passive Participle

From root pad (to go, attain) with prati and su (well)

Prefixes: su+prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'among' or 'towards' such individuals.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should do, one should make

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

साधुपरिग्रहम् (sādhuparigraham) - acceptance of good people, protection of the righteous

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sādhuparigraha

sādhuparigraha - favouring good people, supporting the virtuous, acceptance of the good

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sādhu+parigraha)

• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous, holy man
  adjective (masculine)
• parigraha – acceptance, favour, possession, protection
  noun (masculine)
  from root grah (to seize) with pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

निग्रहम् (nigraham) - punishment, control, suppression

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - punishment, suppression, restraint, control, defeat

From root grah (to seize) with ni

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अशिष्टेषु (aśiṣṭeṣu) - among the ill-behaved, towards the uncivilized

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of aśiṣṭa

aśiṣṭa - ill-behaved, uncivilized, uncultured, unruly

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negation 'a' + śiṣṭa (taught, well-behaved), from root śiṣ (to teach)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

निर्मर्यादेषु (nirmaryādeṣu) - among the lawless, towards those without proper boundaries

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of nirmaryāda

nirmaryāda - without boundaries/limits, lawless, unrestrained, disrespectful

bahuvrīhi compound of nir (without) and maryādā (boundary, rule)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nir+maryādā)

• nir – without, out of, away
  indeclinable
• maryādā – boundary, limit, rule, custom, propriety
  noun (feminine)

कारयेत् (kārayet) - one should cause to be done, one should inflict

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kāray

Causative verb

Causative stem from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: This verb applies to both sādhuparigraham (favoring) and nigraham (inflicting punishment).