महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-149, verse-39

निग्रहानुग्रहैः सम्यग्यदा राजा प्रवर्तते ।
तदा भवति लोकस्य मर्यादा सुव्यवस्थिता ॥३९॥

39. nigrahānugrahaiḥ samyagyadā rājā pravartate ,
tadā bhavati lokasya maryādā suvyavasthitā.

39. nigrahānugrahaiḥ samyak yadā rājā pravartate
tadā bhavati lokasya maryādā suvyavasthitā

39. When the king acts properly with both punishment and favor, then the social order (maryādā) of the people becomes well-established.

Words meanings summery:

• निग्रहानुग्रहैः (nigrahānugrahaiḥ) - by means of punishment and favor, by restraint and grace

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, completely, well

• यदा (yadā) - when

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - acts, proceeds, functions, is engaged

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the people, of the world

• मर्यादा (maryādā) - social order, boundary, limit, rule, proper conduct

• सुव्यवस्थिता (suvyavasthitā) - well-established, well-ordered, properly arranged

Words meanings and morphology

निग्रहानुग्रहैः (nigrahānugrahaiḥ) - by means of punishment and favor, by restraint and grace

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nigrahānugraha

nigrahānugraha - punishment and favor, restraint and grace

Compound type : dvandva (nigraha+anugraha)

• nigraha – restraint, punishment, control
  noun (masculine)
  From ni + grah + ghañ suffix
  Prefix: ni
  Root: grah (class 9)
• anugraha – favor, grace, kindness, conferring benefits
  noun (masculine)
  From anu + grah + ghañ suffix
  Prefix: anu
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Instrumental of means.

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, completely, well

(indeclinable)

From sam + añc + kvin suffix

Root: añc (class 5)

Note: Modifies pravartate

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

From yad + dā suffix

Note: Temporal conjunction.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of pravartate

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - acts, proceeds, functions, is engaged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pravart

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From tad + dā suffix

Note: Temporal adverb.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the people, of the world

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, community

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Possessive of maryādā

मर्यादा (maryādā) - social order, boundary, limit, rule, proper conduct

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maryādā

maryādā - limit, boundary, rule, social order, moral conduct, decorum

Root: mṛ (class 1)

सुव्यवस्थिता (suvyavasthitā) - well-established, well-ordered, properly arranged

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of suvyavasthita

suvyavasthita - well-established, well-ordered, properly arranged

Past Passive Participle

From su + vi + ava + sthā + kta suffix

Prefixes: su+vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)