महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-149, verse-41

राज्ञामुपायाश्चत्वारो बुद्धिमन्त्रः पराक्रमः ।
निग्रहानुग्रहौ चैव दाक्ष्यं तत्कार्यसाधनम् ॥४१॥

41. rājñāmupāyāścatvāro buddhimantraḥ parākramaḥ ,
nigrahānugrahau caiva dākṣyaṁ tatkāryasādhanam.

41. rāñjñām upāyāḥ catvāraḥ buddhimantraḥ parākramaḥ
nigrahānugrahau ca eva dākṣyaṃ tatkāryasādhanam

41. Kings have four means: intelligent deliberation, valor, the ability to control and show favor, and competence in accomplishing their objectives.

Words meanings summery:

• राञ्ज्ञाम् (rāñjñām) - of kings, of rulers

• उपायाः (upāyāḥ) - means, strategies, approaches

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• बुद्धिमन्त्रः (buddhimantraḥ) - intelligent counsel, wise deliberation

• पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - valor, prowess, might

• निग्रहानुग्रहौ (nigrahānugrahau) - control and favor, punishment and reward

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• दाक्ष्यं (dākṣyaṁ) - competence, skill, dexterity

• तत्कार्यसाधनम् (tatkāryasādhanam) - accomplishing those tasks/objectives

Words meanings and morphology

राञ्ज्ञाम् (rāñjñām) - of kings, of rulers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

उपायाः (upāyāḥ) - means, strategies, approaches

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upāya

upāya - means, method, stratagem, approach

Prefix: upa

Root: i

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of catur

catur - four

बुद्धिमन्त्रः (buddhimantraḥ) - intelligent counsel, wise deliberation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimantra

buddhimantra - intelligent counsel, wise deliberation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (buddhi+mantra)

• buddhi – intelligence, wisdom, intellect
  noun (feminine)
• mantra – counsel, deliberation, sacred utterance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mantr

पराक्रमः (parākramaḥ) - valor, prowess, might

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - valor, prowess, heroism, power

Prefixes: parā+ā

Root: kram

निग्रहानुग्रहौ (nigrahānugrahau) - control and favor, punishment and reward

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nigrahānugraha

nigrahānugraha - restraint and favor, punishment and reward

Compound type : dvandva (nigraha+anugraha)

• nigraha – restraint, control, punishment
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: grah
• anugraha – favor, grace, kindness, reward
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: grah

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

दाक्ष्यं (dākṣyaṁ) - competence, skill, dexterity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dākṣya

dākṣya - competence, skill, dexterity, cleverness

derived from dakṣa (able, skilled)

तत्कार्यसाधनम् (tatkāryasādhanam) - accomplishing those tasks/objectives

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tatkāryasādhana

tatkāryasādhana - means of accomplishing that task, achievement of that objective

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+kārya+sādhana)

• tad – that, those
  pronoun (neuter)
• kārya – task, duty, objective, to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  root kṛ + ṇyat
  Root: kṛ
• sādhana – means, instrument, accomplishing, bringing about
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sādh