महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-149, verse-25

मा तात साहसं कार्षीः स्वधर्ममनुपालय ।
स्वधर्मस्थः परं धर्मं बुध्यस्वागमयस्व च ॥२५॥

25. mā tāta sāhasaṁ kārṣīḥ svadharmamanupālaya ,
svadharmasthaḥ paraṁ dharmaṁ budhyasvāgamayasva ca.

25. mā tāta sāhasam kārṣīḥ svadharmam anupālaya
svadharmasthaḥ param dharmam budhyasva āgamayasva ca

25. Dear one, do not act rashly. Uphold your own intrinsic nature (dharma). By being established in your own intrinsic nature (dharma), understand and attain the supreme intrinsic nature (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• तात (tāta) - a term of affectionate address, 'dear one' (dear one, father, son, friend)

• साहसम् (sāhasam) - a rash or impetuous action (recklessness, violence, rashness, impetuosity)

• कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - do not do (in conjunction with 'mā') (you should do, you should make)

• स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's individual responsibility or inherent characteristic (one's own intrinsic nature, one's own duty, one's own law)

• अनुपालय (anupālaya) - uphold, follow (protect, maintain, uphold, follow)

• स्वधर्मस्थः (svadharmasthaḥ) - being firm or situated in one's own prescribed conduct or nature (standing in one's own intrinsic nature, established in one's own duty)

• परम् (param) - supreme, ultimate (supreme, ultimate, highest, other, excellent)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the highest principle or truth (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

• बुध्यस्व (budhyasva) - understand (understand, know, perceive)

• आगमयस्व (āgamayasva) - attain, realize (attain, cause to come, acquire, realize)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

Note: Prohibitive particle used with aorist injunctive.

तात (tāta) - a term of affectionate address, 'dear one' (dear one, father, son, friend)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, friend, dear one (term of endearment)

साहसम् (sāhasam) - a rash or impetuous action (recklessness, violence, rashness, impetuosity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - rashness, violence, impetuosity, audacity

कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - do not do (in conjunction with 'mā') (you should do, you should make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of kṛ

aorist, 2nd singular, injunctive (prohibitive)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's individual responsibility or inherent characteristic (one's own intrinsic nature, one's own duty, one's own law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own intrinsic nature, one's own duty, one's own natural law, one's own constitution

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun/adjective
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)

अनुपालय (anupālaya) - uphold, follow (protect, maintain, uphold, follow)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of anupāl

causative/10th class derivative of √pā

Prefix: anu

Root: pā (class 0)

स्वधर्मस्थः (svadharmasthaḥ) - being firm or situated in one's own prescribed conduct or nature (standing in one's own intrinsic nature, established in one's own duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svadharmastha

svadharmastha - standing in one's own intrinsic nature, established in one's own duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svadharma+stha)

• svadharma – one's own intrinsic nature, duty
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, existing, situated (often used as the final member of compounds)
  adjective
  derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively.

परम् (param) - supreme, ultimate (supreme, ultimate, highest, other, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, ultimate, highest, other, excellent

Note: Agrees with 'dharmam'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the highest principle or truth (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

बुध्यस्व (budhyasva) - understand (understand, know, perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of budh

Root: budh (class 1)

आगमयस्व (āgamayasva) - attain, realize (attain, cause to come, acquire, realize)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of āgam

causative, imperative

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)