महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-126, verse-41

प्रजाश्चतुर्विधास्तेन जिता राजन्महात्मना ।
तेनात्मतपसा लोकाः स्थापिताश्चापि तेजसा ॥४१॥

41. prajāścaturvidhāstena jitā rājanmahātmanā ,
tenātmatapasā lokāḥ sthāpitāścāpi tejasā.

41. prajāḥ caturvidhāḥ tena jitāḥ rājan mahātmanā
tena ātmatapasā lokāḥ sthāpitāḥ ca api tejasā

41. O king, by that great-souled one (mahātman), the four kinds of beings were conquered. And by him, through his self-austerity (tapas) and also his power, the worlds were established.

41. הו מלך, בעל הנפש הגדולה הזה כבש את ארבעת סוגי היצורים, ובכוח העוצמה הרוחנית שלו ובזוהרו גם ייסד עולמות.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, creatures, people, offspring

• चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, four-fold

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, won, subdued

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• आत्मतपसा (ātmatapasā) - by his self-austerity, by his own ascetic practice

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, people, realms

• स्थापिताः (sthāpitāḥ) - established, founded, maintained

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by glory, by power, by splendor

Words meanings and morphology

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, creatures, people, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people, creatures

From prefix pra- + root jan (to be born).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'jitāḥ' (conquered), acting as nominative because 'jitāḥ' is passive.

चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, four-fold

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of caturvidha

caturvidha - of four kinds, four-fold

Compound of catur (four) and vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : dvigu (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the subjects.

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of conquest.

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, won, subdued

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, won, subdued

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root ji (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Main predicate in the first clause.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressee.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble; a great person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of conquest.

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent for establishing the worlds.

आत्मतपसा (ātmatapasā) - by his self-austerity, by his own ascetic practice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ātmatapas

ātmatapas - self-austerity, self-mortification

Compound of ātman (self) and tapas (austerity).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+tapas)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Instrument through which the worlds were established.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, people, realms

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of 'sthāpitāḥ' (established), acting as nominative because 'sthāpitāḥ' is passive.

स्थापिताः (sthāpitāḥ) - established, founded, maintained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthāpita

sthāpita - established, placed, maintained

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from causative of verb root sthā (to stand, to cause to stand/establish).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main predicate in the second clause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Intensifies the conjunction.

तेजसा (tejasā) - by glory, by power, by splendor

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - splendor, glory, energy, power, might

Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Instrument through which the worlds were established.

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