महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-126, verse-41

प्रजाश्चतुर्विधास्तेन जिता राजन्महात्मना ।
तेनात्मतपसा लोकाः स्थापिताश्चापि तेजसा ॥४१॥

41. prajāścaturvidhāstena jitā rājanmahātmanā ,
tenātmatapasā lokāḥ sthāpitāścāpi tejasā.

41. prajāḥ caturvidhāḥ tena jitāḥ rājan mahātmanā
tena ātmatapasā lokāḥ sthāpitāḥ ca api tejasā

41. O king, by that great-souled one (mahātman), the four kinds of beings were conquered. And by him, through his self-austerity (tapas) and also his power, the worlds were established.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, creatures, people, offspring

• चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, four-fold

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, won, subdued

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• आत्मतपसा (ātmatapasā) - by his self-austerity, by his own ascetic practice

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, people, realms

• स्थापिताः (sthāpitāḥ) - established, founded, maintained

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by glory, by power, by splendor

Words meanings and morphology

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, creatures, people, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people, creatures

From prefix pra- + root jan (to be born).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'jitāḥ' (conquered), acting as nominative because 'jitāḥ' is passive.

चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, four-fold

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of caturvidha

caturvidha - of four kinds, four-fold

Compound of catur (four) and vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : dvigu (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the subjects.

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of conquest.

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, won, subdued

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, won, subdued

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root ji (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Main predicate in the first clause.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressee.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble; a great person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of conquest.

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent for establishing the worlds.

आत्मतपसा (ātmatapasā) - by his self-austerity, by his own ascetic practice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ātmatapas

ātmatapas - self-austerity, self-mortification

Compound of ātman (self) and tapas (austerity).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+tapas)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Instrument through which the worlds were established.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, people, realms

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of 'sthāpitāḥ' (established), acting as nominative because 'sthāpitāḥ' is passive.

स्थापिताः (sthāpitāḥ) - established, founded, maintained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthāpita

sthāpita - established, placed, maintained

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from causative of verb root sthā (to stand, to cause to stand/establish).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main predicate in the second clause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Intensifies the conjunction.

तेजसा (tejasā) - by glory, by power, by splendor

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - splendor, glory, energy, power, might

Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Instrument through which the worlds were established.