महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-126, verse-38

तेन पद्मसहस्राणि गवां दश महात्मना ।
ब्राह्मणेभ्यो महाराज दत्तानीति प्रचक्षते ॥३८॥

38. tena padmasahasrāṇi gavāṁ daśa mahātmanā ,
brāhmaṇebhyo mahārāja dattānīti pracakṣate.

38. tena padmasahasrāṇi gavāṃ daśa mahātmanā
brāhmaṇebhyaḥ mahārāja dattāni iti pracakṣate

38. O great king, they declare that that great-souled one (mahātman) donated an immense number of cows—tens of thousands of *padma* units—to the Brahmins.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• पद्मसहस्राणि (padmasahasrāṇi) - thousands of padmas

• गवां (gavāṁ) - of cows, of cattle

• दश (daśa) - ten

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the noble one

• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to the Brahmins

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• दत्तानि (dattāni) - given, donated

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so saying

• प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they say, they declare, they recount

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to a male person, implicitly mentioned earlier in the narrative.

पद्मसहस्राणि (padmasahasrāṇi) - thousands of padmas

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of padmasahasra

padmasahasra - thousands of padmas (a padma is a very large number, 10^12)

Compound type : tatpurusha (padma+sahasra)

• padma – lotus; a very large number (10^12)
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as the subject of the implied verb, referring to the number of cows.

गवां (gavāṁ) - of cows, of cattle

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Possessive, indicating what is being counted.

दश (daśa) - ten

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a numeral adjective here.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one, by the noble one

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous; a great person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the action of giving.

ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to the Brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

Note: Recipient of the donations.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressee.

दत्तानि (dattāni) - given, donated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of datta

datta - given, donated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'padmasahasrāṇi' in number and gender.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so saying

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding clause as a statement.

प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they say, they declare, they recount

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pracakṣ

Root cakṣ (to see, to tell) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: The subject is implicit, 'they' (people in general, or bards).