महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-126, verse-39

तेन द्वादशवार्षिक्यामनावृष्ट्यां महात्मना ।
वृष्टं सस्यविवृद्ध्यर्थं मिषतो वज्रपाणिनः ॥३९॥

39. tena dvādaśavārṣikyāmanāvṛṣṭyāṁ mahātmanā ,
vṛṣṭaṁ sasyavivṛddhyarthaṁ miṣato vajrapāṇinaḥ.

39. tena dvādaśavārṣikyām anāvṛṣṭyām mahātmanā
vṛṣṭaṃ sasyavivṛddhyartham miṣataḥ vajrapāṇinaḥ

39. During a twelve-year drought, that great-souled one (mahātman) caused rain for the growth of crops, even as Vajrapāṇi (Indra) looked on.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• द्वादशवार्षिक्याम् (dvādaśavārṣikyām) - in the twelve-year-long, during the twelve-year

• अनावृष्ट्याम् (anāvṛṣṭyām) - in the drought, during the lack of rain

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

• वृष्टं (vṛṣṭaṁ) - rained (impersonally: it rained), rain (neuter noun)

• सस्यविवृद्ध्यर्थम् (sasyavivṛddhyartham) - for the growth of crops

• मिषतः (miṣataḥ) - of him looking on, watching

• वज्रपाणिनः (vajrapāṇinaḥ) - of Vajrapāṇi (Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the same great-souled person as in the previous verse.

द्वादशवार्षिक्याम् (dvādaśavārṣikyām) - in the twelve-year-long, during the twelve-year

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of dvādaśavārṣikī

dvādaśavārṣika - twelve-year-long, lasting for twelve years

Derived from dvādaśavarṣa (twelve years).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvādaśan+varṣa)

• dvādaśan – twelve
  indeclinable
• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the duration of the drought.

अनावृष्ट्याम् (anāvṛṣṭyām) - in the drought, during the lack of rain

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anāvṛṣṭi

anāvṛṣṭi - drought, lack of rain

Prefix an- (negation) + āvṛṣṭi (rain).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āvṛṣṭi)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• āvṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)
  From prefix ā- + root vṛṣ (to rain).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the temporal context.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble; a great person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of causing rain.

वृष्टं (vṛṣṭaṁ) - rained (impersonally: it rained), rain (neuter noun)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛṣṭa

vṛṣṭa - rained, showered; rain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root vṛṣ (to rain).

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as the predicate, indicating the action of raining.

सस्यविवृद्ध्यर्थम् (sasyavivṛddhyartham) - for the growth of crops

(indeclinable)

Compound ending in -artham indicating purpose.

Compound type : tatpurusha (sasya+vivṛddhi+artha)

• sasya – crop, corn, grain
  noun (neuter)
• vivṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  From prefix vi- + root vṛdh (to grow).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the purpose of the action.

मिषतः (miṣataḥ) - of him looking on, watching

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of miṣat

miṣat - looking on, watching, seeing

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root miṣ (to see, to look on, to wink).

Root: miṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates simultaneous action, implying passive observation or inability to act.

वज्रपाणिनः (vajrapāṇinaḥ) - of Vajrapāṇi (Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vajrapāṇin

vajrapāṇin - thunderbolt-handed; an epithet of Indra

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vajra+pāṇi)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the deity Indra, the controller of rain.