महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-126, verse-39

तेन द्वादशवार्षिक्यामनावृष्ट्यां महात्मना ।
वृष्टं सस्यविवृद्ध्यर्थं मिषतो वज्रपाणिनः ॥३९॥

39. tena dvādaśavārṣikyāmanāvṛṣṭyāṁ mahātmanā ,
vṛṣṭaṁ sasyavivṛddhyarthaṁ miṣato vajrapāṇinaḥ.

39. tena dvādaśavārṣikyām anāvṛṣṭyām mahātmanā
vṛṣṭaṃ sasyavivṛddhyartham miṣataḥ vajrapāṇinaḥ

39. During a twelve-year drought, that great-souled one (mahātman) caused rain for the growth of crops, even as Vajrapāṇi (Indra) looked on.

39. בעל הנפש הגדולה הזה הוריד גשם כדי שהיבולים יגדלו, בתקופת בצורת של שתים עשרה שנים, ואפילו נושא הוַג׳ְרַה, אִינְדְרַה, עמד והביט.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• द्वादशवार्षिक्याम् (dvādaśavārṣikyām) - in the twelve-year-long, during the twelve-year

• अनावृष्ट्याम् (anāvṛṣṭyām) - in the drought, during the lack of rain

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

• वृष्टं (vṛṣṭaṁ) - rained (impersonally: it rained), rain (neuter noun)

• सस्यविवृद्ध्यर्थम् (sasyavivṛddhyartham) - for the growth of crops

• मिषतः (miṣataḥ) - of him looking on, watching

• वज्रपाणिनः (vajrapāṇinaḥ) - of Vajrapāṇi (Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the same great-souled person as in the previous verse.

द्वादशवार्षिक्याम् (dvādaśavārṣikyām) - in the twelve-year-long, during the twelve-year

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of dvādaśavārṣikī

dvādaśavārṣika - twelve-year-long, lasting for twelve years

Derived from dvādaśavarṣa (twelve years).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvādaśan+varṣa)

• dvādaśan – twelve
  indeclinable
• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the duration of the drought.

अनावृष्ट्याम् (anāvṛṣṭyām) - in the drought, during the lack of rain

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anāvṛṣṭi

anāvṛṣṭi - drought, lack of rain

Prefix an- (negation) + āvṛṣṭi (rain).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āvṛṣṭi)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• āvṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)
  From prefix ā- + root vṛṣ (to rain).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the temporal context.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble; a great person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of causing rain.

वृष्टं (vṛṣṭaṁ) - rained (impersonally: it rained), rain (neuter noun)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛṣṭa

vṛṣṭa - rained, showered; rain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root vṛṣ (to rain).

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as the predicate, indicating the action of raining.

सस्यविवृद्ध्यर्थम् (sasyavivṛddhyartham) - for the growth of crops

(indeclinable)

Compound ending in -artham indicating purpose.

Compound type : tatpurusha (sasya+vivṛddhi+artha)

• sasya – crop, corn, grain
  noun (neuter)
• vivṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  From prefix vi- + root vṛdh (to grow).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the purpose of the action.

मिषतः (miṣataḥ) - of him looking on, watching

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of miṣat

miṣat - looking on, watching, seeing

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root miṣ (to see, to look on, to wink).

Root: miṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates simultaneous action, implying passive observation or inability to act.

वज्रपाणिनः (vajrapāṇinaḥ) - of Vajrapāṇi (Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vajrapāṇin

vajrapāṇin - thunderbolt-handed; an epithet of Indra

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vajra+pāṇi)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the deity Indra, the controller of rain.

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