महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-126, verse-12

शुष्ककण्ठः पिपासार्तः पानीयार्थी भृशं नृपः ।
तं प्रविश्याश्रमं श्रान्तः पानीयं सोऽभ्ययाचत ॥१२॥

12. śuṣkakaṇṭhaḥ pipāsārtaḥ pānīyārthī bhṛśaṁ nṛpaḥ ,
taṁ praviśyāśramaṁ śrāntaḥ pānīyaṁ so'bhyayācata.

12. śuṣkakaṇṭhaḥ pipāsārtaḥ pānīyārthī bhṛśam nṛpaḥ tam
praviśya āśramam śrāntaḥ pānīyam saḥ abhyayācata

12. The king, with a severely dry throat, tormented by intense thirst, and greatly desiring water, entered that hermitage. Weary, he then pleaded for water.

Words meanings summery:

• शुष्ककण्ठः (śuṣkakaṇṭhaḥ) - with a severely dry throat (having a dry throat)

• पिपासार्तः (pipāsārtaḥ) - tormented by intense thirst (afflicted by thirst, tormented by thirst)

• पानीयार्थी (pānīyārthī) - greatly desiring water (desiring water, seeking water)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (intensifying thirst/desire) (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

• तम् (tam) - that (hermitage) (that, it)

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered (having entered, entering)

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage (hermitage, ashram)

• श्रान्तः (śrāntaḥ) - weary (weary, tired, exhausted)

• पानीयम् (pānīyam) - water (water (as a drink), drinkable)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the king) (he, that)

• अभ्ययाचत (abhyayācata) - he pleaded for (he asked for, he begged)

Words meanings and morphology

शुष्ककण्ठः (śuṣkakaṇṭhaḥ) - with a severely dry throat (having a dry throat)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuṣkakaṇṭha

śuṣkakaṇṭha - having a dry throat

Bahuvrihi compound: śuṣka (dry) + kaṇṭha (throat).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śuṣka+kaṇṭha)

• śuṣka – dry, dried up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śuṣ (to dry).
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• kaṇṭha – throat, neck
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ.

पिपासार्तः (pipāsārtaḥ) - tormented by intense thirst (afflicted by thirst, tormented by thirst)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pipāsārta

pipāsārta - afflicted by thirst, tormented by thirst

Tatpurusha compound: pipāsā (thirst) + ārta (afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pipāsā+ārta)

• pipāsā – thirst, desire to drink
  noun (feminine)
  Desiderative noun
  From desiderative stem of pā (to drink).
  Root: pā (class 1)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, to move), meaning 'afflicted' or 'oppressed'.
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ.

पानीयार्थी (pānīyārthī) - greatly desiring water (desiring water, seeking water)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pānīyārthin

pānīyārthin - desiring water, seeking water

Compound: pānīya (drinkable) + arthin (desiring).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pānīya+arthin)

• pānīya – drinkable, water (noun)
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root pā (to drink).
  Root: pā (class 1)
• arthin – desiring, seeking, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from artha (purpose, object, wealth).

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (intensifying thirst/desire) (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Modifies the previous adjectives.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound: nṛ (man) + pā (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of praviśya (implied) and abhyayācata.

तम् (tam) - that (hermitage) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered (having entered, entering)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root viś (to enter) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - hermitage (hermitage, ashram)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, ashram, stage of life

Derived from root śram (to toil, exert) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Object of praviśya.

श्रान्तः (śrāntaḥ) - weary (weary, tired, exhausted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrānta

śrānta - tired, weary, exhausted

Past Passive Participle

From root śram (to be weary).

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ / saḥ.

पानीयम् (pānīyam) - water (water (as a drink), drinkable)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pānīya

pānīya - drinkable, water

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root pā (to drink).

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of abhyayācata.

सः (saḥ) - he (the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of abhyayācata.

अभ्ययाचत (abhyayācata) - he pleaded for (he asked for, he begged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of abhiyāc

Imperfect third person singular middle voice.

From root yāc (to ask) with prefixes abhi-ā. The 'a' at the beginning is the augment for the imperfect.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: yāc (class 1)