महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-126, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
मान्धाता राजशार्दूलस्त्रिषु लोकेषु विश्रुतः ।
कथं जातो महाब्रह्मन्यौवनाश्वो नृपोत्तमः ।
कथं चैतां परां काष्ठां प्राप्तवानमितद्युतिः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
māndhātā rājaśārdūlastriṣu lokeṣu viśrutaḥ ,
kathaṁ jāto mahābrahmanyauvanāśvo nṛpottamaḥ ,
kathaṁ caitāṁ parāṁ kāṣṭhāṁ prāptavānamitadyutiḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca māndhātā rājaśārdūlaḥ
triṣu lokeṣu viśrutaḥ katham jātaḥ
mahābrahman yauvanāśvaḥ nṛpottamaḥ katham ca
etām parām kāṣṭhām prāptavān amitadyutiḥ

1. Yudhishthira said: "O great Brahmana, how was King Mandhata, who was like a tiger among kings, renowned throughout the three worlds, the excellent king and son of Yauvanashva, born? And how did he, whose brilliance was immeasurable, achieve this ultimate status?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मान्धाता (māndhātā) - Mandhata (a legendary king)

• राजशार्दूलः (rājaśārdūlaḥ) - tiger among kings, best of kings

• त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three

• लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in worlds, in realms

• विश्रुतः (viśrutaḥ) - famous, renowned, well-known

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, arisen

• महाब्रह्मन् (mahābrahman) - O great Brahmana, O great spiritual person

• यौवनाश्वः (yauvanāśvaḥ) - the king Yauvanashva, father of Mandhata (Yauvanashva (a king, father of Mandhata))

• नृपोत्तमः (nṛpottamaḥ) - best of kings, foremost among rulers

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• एताम् (etām) - this

• पराम् (parām) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• काष्ठाम् (kāṣṭhām) - ultimate status (state, position, limit, highest point)

• प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - attained, achieved, reached

• अमितद्युतिः (amitadyutiḥ) - of immeasurable splendor, of unlimited brilliance

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira, the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, steady in battle

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm).

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

मान्धाता (māndhātā) - Mandhata (a legendary king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māndhātṛ

māndhātṛ - Mandhata, a famous ancient king

राजशार्दूलः (rājaśārdūlaḥ) - tiger among kings, best of kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - king-tiger, excellent king, best of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best, eminent
  noun (masculine)

त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three

(numeral)

लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in worlds, in realms

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, universe

विश्रुतः (viśrutaḥ) - famous, renowned, well-known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśruta

viśruta - famous, renowned, well-known, heard of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru (to hear) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, arisen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

महाब्रह्मन् (mahābrahman) - O great Brahmana, O great spiritual person

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābrahman

mahābrahman - great brahmin, great spiritual person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+brahman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• brahman – Brahmin (priestly class), the Absolute (brahman)
  noun (masculine)

यौवनाश्वः (yauvanāśvaḥ) - the king Yauvanashva, father of Mandhata (Yauvanashva (a king, father of Mandhata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yauvanāśva

yauvanāśva - Yauvanashva (a legendary king, father of Mandhata)

Note: Mandhata is known as the son of Yauvanashva.

नृपोत्तमः (nṛpottamaḥ) - best of kings, foremost among rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpottama

nṛpottama - best of kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+uttama)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एताम् (etām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

पराम् (parām) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of para

para - highest, supreme, ultimate, excellent, other

काष्ठाम् (kāṣṭhām) - ultimate status (state, position, limit, highest point)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāṣṭhā

kāṣṭhā - limit, highest point, state, abode, direction

प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - attained, achieved, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāptavat

prāptavat - having obtained, having reached, having gained

Past Active Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra and suffix -vat.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Functions like a finite verb in this context.

अमितद्युतिः (amitadyutiḥ) - of immeasurable splendor, of unlimited brilliance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amitadyuti

amitadyuti - of immeasurable splendor, having unlimited light

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+dyuti)

• amita – immeasurable, unlimited, unmeasured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mā (to measure) with prefix a- (negation) and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 2)
• dyuti – splendor, brilliance, light, luster
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dyut (class 1)