महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-1, verse-23

भ्रातरः पञ्च कृष्णा च षष्ठी श्वा चैव सप्तमः ।
आत्मना सप्तमो राजा निर्ययौ गजसाह्वयात् ।
पौरैरनुगतो दूरं सर्वैरन्तःपुरैस्तथा ॥२३॥

23. bhrātaraḥ pañca kṛṣṇā ca ṣaṣṭhī śvā caiva saptamaḥ ,
ātmanā saptamo rājā niryayau gajasāhvayāt ,
paurairanugato dūraṁ sarvairantaḥpuraistathā.

23. bhrātaraḥ pañca kṛṣṇā ca ṣaṣṭhī śvā
ca eva saptamaḥ ātmanā saptamaḥ rājā
niryayau gajasāhvayāt pauraiḥ
anugataḥ dūram sarvaiḥ antaḥpuraiḥ tathā

23. rājā ātmanā saptamaḥ pañca bhrātaraḥ
ca kṛṣṇā ṣaṣṭhī ca eva śvā saptamaḥ
gajasāhvayāt niryayau pauraiḥ
sarvaiḥ antaḥpuraiḥ tathā dūram anugataḥ

23. The five brothers, along with Krishna (Draupadi) as the sixth and a dog as the seventh – with the king himself (ātmanā) being the seventh among them – departed from Hastinapura. He was followed a long way by all the citizens and all the women of the inner palace.

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadi (Krishna, Draupadi)

• च (ca) - and

• षष्ठी (ṣaṣṭhī) - sixth

• श्वा (śvā) - dog

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• सप्तमः (saptamaḥ) - seventh

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by himself (the king) (by oneself, by the self, by the soul)

• सप्तमः (saptamaḥ) - the seventh (person, referring to the king) (seventh)

• राजा (rājā) - King Yudhishthira (king)

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - departed, went out

• गजसाह्वयात् (gajasāhvayāt) - from Hastinapura (from Hastinapura (named after elephants))

• पौरैः (pauraiḥ) - by citizens

• अनुगतः (anugataḥ) - followed, accompanied

• दूरम् (dūram) - a long way (far, a long distance)

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

• अन्तःपुरैः (antaḥpuraiḥ) - by women of the inner palace, by the harem

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, also)

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

कृष्णा (kṛṣṇā) - Draupadi (Krishna, Draupadi)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadi (the dark one)

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

षष्ठी (ṣaṣṭhī) - sixth

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ṣaṣṭha

ṣaṣṭha - sixth

Note: Feminine form agreeing with Kṛṣṇā.

श्वा (śvā) - dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

सप्तमः (saptamaḥ) - seventh

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saptama

saptama - seventh

Note: Agrees with śvā (dog).

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by himself (the king) (by oneself, by the self, by the soul)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Instrumental case indicating agency or 'by himself'.

सप्तमः (saptamaḥ) - the seventh (person, referring to the king) (seventh)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saptama

saptama - seventh

Note: Agrees with rājā.

राजा (rājā) - King Yudhishthira (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - departed, went out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active.

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

गजसाह्वयात् (gajasāhvayāt) - from Hastinapura (from Hastinapura (named after elephants))

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of gajasāhvaya

gajasāhvaya - named after an elephant, Hastinapura

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gaja+sāhvaya)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• sāhvaya – having the name, named
  adjective

Note: Ablative case 'from'.

पौरैः (pauraiḥ) - by citizens

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paura

paura - citizen, inhabitant of a city

Note: Instrumental case for 'by'.

अनुगतः (anugataḥ) - followed, accompanied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anugata

anugata - followed, accompanied, gone after

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'gam' with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Past passive participle acting as an adjective.

दूरम् (dūram) - a long way (far, a long distance)

(indeclinable)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with pauraiḥ and antaḥpuraiḥ.

अन्तःपुरैः (antaḥpuraiḥ) - by women of the inner palace, by the harem

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of antaḥpura

antaḥpura - inner palace, harem, women of the harem

Compound type : tatpurusha (antar+pura)

• antar – inside, internal
  indeclinable
• pura – city, palace, abode
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental case for 'by'.

तथा (tathā) - and (and, thus, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two groups of followers.