महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-17, chapter-1, verse-21

ततः प्ररुरुदुः सर्वाः स्त्रियो दृष्ट्वा नरर्षभान् ।
प्रस्थितान्द्रौपदीषष्ठान्पुरा द्यूतजितान्यथा ॥२१॥

21. tataḥ praruruduḥ sarvāḥ striyo dṛṣṭvā nararṣabhān ,
prasthitāndraupadīṣaṣṭhānpurā dyūtajitānyathā.

21. tataḥ prāruruduḥ sarvāḥ striyaḥ dṛṣṭvā nararṣabhān
prasthitān draupadīṣaṣṭhān purā dyūtajitān yathā

21. tataḥ sarvāḥ striyaḥ purā dyūtajitān prasthitān
draupadīṣaṣṭhān nararṣabhān dṛṣṭvā yathā prāruruduḥ

21. Then, all the women burst into tears upon seeing those excellent men, with Draupadi as the sixth, departing, just as they had been defeated in the dice game before.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicating sequence of events. (then, thereupon, from that)

• प्रारुरुदुः (prāruruduḥ) - Expressing intense sorrow at the Pandavas' departure. (they wept loudly, they burst into tears)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - Referring to all the women of the court or city. (all, every)

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - The female inhabitants of the palace or city. (women)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - The cause of their weeping. (having seen, after seeing)

• नरर्षभान् (nararṣabhān) - Referring to the Pandavas. (the best of men, excellent men)

• प्रस्थितान् (prasthitān) - Describes the Pandavas as being on their way. (departed, set out, gone forth)

• द्रौपदीषष्ठान् (draupadīṣaṣṭhān) - Refers to the five Pandavas and Draupadi, making a group of six. (with Draupadi as the sixth, Draupadi and five others)

• पुरा (purā) - Referring to their previous exile after the dice game. (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

• द्यूतजितान् (dyūtajitān) - Alluding to the infamous dice game that led to their first exile. (defeated in gambling, conquered by dice)

• यथा (yathā) - Drawing a comparison to a previous event. (as, just as, in the manner that)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicating sequence of events. (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverb of `tad`.

प्रारुरुदुः (prāruruduḥ) - Expressing intense sorrow at the Pandavas' departure. (they wept loudly, they burst into tears)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of √rud

perfect active 3rd plural

Root `rud` with prefix `pra-` and reduplication `ru-` in perfect.

Prefix: pra

Root: rud (class 2)

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - Referring to all the women of the court or city. (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Feminine nominative plural.

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - The female inhabitants of the palace or city. (women)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Feminine nominative plural.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - The cause of their weeping. (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Root `dṛś` + absolutive suffix `tvā`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नरर्षभान् (nararṣabhān) - Referring to the Pandavas. (the best of men, excellent men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - best of men, bull among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, leader
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

प्रस्थितान् (prasthitān) - Describes the Pandavas as being on their way. (departed, set out, gone forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prasthita

prasthita - departed, set out, gone forth, started

past passive participle

From `pra-√sthā`.

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

द्रौपदीषष्ठान् (draupadīṣaṣṭhān) - Refers to the five Pandavas and Draupadi, making a group of six. (with Draupadi as the sixth, Draupadi and five others)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of draupadīṣaṣṭha

draupadīṣaṣṭha - with Draupadi as the sixth, having Draupadi for the sixth, Draupadi and five others

A Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (draupadī+ṣaṣṭha)

• draupadī – Draupadi
  proper noun (feminine)
• ṣaṣṭha – sixth
  numeral adjective (masculine)

पुरा (purā) - Referring to their previous exile after the dice game. (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

(indeclinable)

द्यूतजितान् (dyūtajitān) - Alluding to the infamous dice game that led to their first exile. (defeated in gambling, conquered by dice)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dyūtajita

dyūtajita - defeated in gambling, conquered by dice

past passive participle as part of compound

A tatpuruṣa compound: `dyūta` (gambling) + `jita` (conquered, defeated, past participle of `√ji`).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dyūta+jita)

• dyūta – gambling, dice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: div (class 4)
• jita – conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - Drawing a comparison to a previous event. (as, just as, in the manner that)

(indeclinable)