महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-94, verse-34

पशुसख उवाच ।
यद्वै धर्मे परं नास्ति ब्राह्मणास्तद्धनं विदुः ।
विनयार्थं सुविद्वांसमुपासेयं यथातथम् ॥३४॥

34. paśusakha uvāca ,
yadvai dharme paraṁ nāsti brāhmaṇāstaddhanaṁ viduḥ ,
vinayārthaṁ suvidvāṁsamupāseyaṁ yathātatham.

34. paśu-sakhaḥ uvāca yat vai dharme
param na asti brāhmaṇāḥ tat
dhanam viduḥ vinaya-arthaṃ
su-vidvāṃsam upāseyam yathā-tatham

34. Paśusakha said: What is supreme in natural law (dharma) is not wealth, but that which Brahmins truly know. For the sake of humility, I should serve a very learned person appropriately.

Words meanings summery:

• पशु-सखः (paśu-sakhaḥ) - Paśusakha (the speaker) (friend of animals, Paśusakha (a name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यत् (yat) - what, which, that (relative pronoun)

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly (particle)

• धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law (dharma) (in natural law, in the constitution, in righteousness)

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - the Brahmins (Brahmins (plural), those related to Brahman)

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• विनय-अर्थं (vinaya-arthaṁ) - for the sake of humility, for the purpose of discipline

• सु-विद्वांसम् (su-vidvāṁsam) - a very learned person, a highly knowledgeable one

• उपासेयम् (upāseyam) - I should serve, I should worship, I should attend upon

• यथा-तथम् (yathā-tatham) - properly, truly, accurately, as it should be

Words meanings and morphology

पशु-सखः (paśu-sakhaḥ) - Paśusakha (the speaker) (friend of animals, Paśusakha (a name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśu-sakha

paśu-sakha - friend of animals, a proper name

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paśu+sakha)

• paśu – animal, cattle, beast
  noun (masculine)
• sakha – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect third person singular, active voice. Reduplication of the root.

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - what, which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that (relative pronoun)

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law (dharma) (in natural law, in the constitution, in righteousness)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, distant, supreme, ultimate, highest

Note: Agrees with implied 'tat' or 'kim'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Active

Root 'as' (2nd class), present third person singular, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - the Brahmins (Brahmins (plural), those related to Brahman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to brahman

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yat'.

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

Root: dhā (class 3)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vid

Perfect Active

Root 'vid' (2nd class), perfect third person plural, active voice. Functions like a present tense in classical Sanskrit.

Root: vid (class 2)

विनय-अर्थं (vinaya-arthaṁ) - for the sake of humility, for the purpose of discipline

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinaya-artha

vinaya-artha - for the sake of humility/discipline

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vinaya+artha)

• vinaya – humility, modesty, discipline, training
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi-' (prefix) + 'nī' (root 'to lead')
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for the sake of'.

सु-विद्वांसम् (su-vidvāṁsam) - a very learned person, a highly knowledgeable one

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of su-vidvat

su-vidvat - very learned, highly knowledgeable

Present Active Participle

Compound of 'su-' (good, well) and 'vidvat' (present active participle of 'vid' - to know).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+vidvat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'very'.
• vidvat – knowing, learned, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'vid' (to know), present active participle.
  Root: vid (class 2)

उपासेयम् (upāseyam) - I should serve, I should worship, I should attend upon

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of ās

Optative

Root 'ās' (2nd class), optative first person singular, middle voice. Formed with 'upa-' (near, towards) and 'ā-' (towards).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ās (class 2)

यथा-तथम् (yathā-tatham) - properly, truly, accurately, as it should be

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'yathā' (as, according to) and 'tathā' (so, thus). Adverbial.