महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-94, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणेभ्यः प्रयच्छन्ति दानानि विविधानि च ।
दातृप्रतिग्रहीत्रोर्वा को विशेषः पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
brāhmaṇebhyaḥ prayacchanti dānāni vividhāni ca ,
dātṛpratigrahītrorvā ko viśeṣaḥ pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | brāhmaṇebhyaḥ prayacchanti dānāni
vividhāni ca | dātṛpratigrahītroḥ vā kaḥ viśeṣaḥ pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca brāhmaṇebhyaḥ vividhāni dānāni ca
prayacchanti pitāmaha dātṛpratigrahītroḥ vā kaḥ viśeṣaḥ

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'People give various gifts to brahmins. But, O grandfather, what is the specific difference between the giver and the receiver (of these gifts)?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to brahmins

• प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they give

• दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, offerings

• विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, manifold

• च (ca) - and

• दातृप्रतिग्रहीत्रोः (dātṛpratigrahītroḥ) - between the giver and the receiver

• वा (vā) - or, either

• कः (kaḥ) - what, who

• विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - specific difference (difference, distinction)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (referring to Bhīṣma) (O grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

from yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective
  from sthā + kiraṇ
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

reduplicated perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

from brahman + aṇ (taddhita)

प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they give

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dā

present tense

1st class verb, stem is yach

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 1)

दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, offerings

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, act of giving (dāna)

action noun

from dā + lyuṭ

Root: dā (class 1)

विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, manifold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, of many kinds

from vi + vidha

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vi+vidha)

• vi – apart, asunder
  indeclinable
  prefix
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दातृप्रतिग्रहीत्रोः (dātṛpratigrahītroḥ) - between the giver and the receiver

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of dātṛpratigrahītṛ

dātṛpratigrahītṛ - giver and receiver

Compound type : dvandva (dātṛ+pratigrahītṛ)

• dātṛ – giver, donor
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from dā + tṛc
  Root: dā (class 1)
• pratigrahītṛ – receiver, acceptor
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from grah + tṛc with prati
  Prefix: prati
  Root: grah (class 9)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - what, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

interrogative pronoun

विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) - specific difference (difference, distinction)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, difference, peculiarity

from vi + śiṣ (to distinguish) + ghañ

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (referring to Bhīṣma) (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, paternal grandfather, Brahmā