महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-94, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
साधोर्यः प्रतिगृह्णीयात्तथैवासाधुतो द्विजः ।
गुणवत्यल्पदोषः स्यान्निर्गुणे तु निमज्जति ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sādhoryaḥ pratigṛhṇīyāttathaivāsādhuto dvijaḥ ,
guṇavatyalpadoṣaḥ syānnirguṇe tu nimajjati.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | sādhoḥ yaḥ pratigṛhṇīyāt tathā eva asādhutaḥ
dvijaḥ | guṇavati alpadoṣaḥ syāt nirguṇe tu nimajjati

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yaḥ dvijaḥ sādhoḥ tathā eva asādhutaḥ
pratigṛhṇīyāt guṇavati alpadoṣaḥ syāt nirguṇe tu nimajjati

2. Bhīṣma said: 'A twice-born (dvija) who accepts (gifts), whether from a good person (sādhu) or a bad person (asādhu) – if it is from a virtuous person, there is only a minor fault. But if it is from one devoid of virtue, he certainly sinks (into degradation).'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• साधोः (sādhoḥ) - from a good person (sādhu) (from a good/virtuous person)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - he should accept, he should receive

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, likewise

• एव (eva) - likewise (indeed, certainly, only)

• असाधुतः (asādhutaḥ) - from a bad person (asādhu) (from a bad/unvirtuous person)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija) (a brahmin, a twice-born)

• गुणवति (guṇavati) - if it is from a virtuous person (from a virtuous person, when there is virtue)

• अल्पदोषः (alpadoṣaḥ) - little fault, minor defect

• स्यात् (syāt) - there would be, may be

• निर्गुणे (nirguṇe) - if it is from one devoid of virtue (from one without virtue, when there is no virtue)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• निमज्जति (nimajjati) - he certainly sinks (into degradation) (he sinks, he plunges)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (proper name, 'terrible')

from bhī (fear) + ṣma (suffix)

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

reduplicated perfect

Root: vac (class 2)

साधोः (sādhoḥ) - from a good person (sādhu) (from a good/virtuous person)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous person (sādhu)

from sādh (to accomplish) + u

Root: sādh (class 5)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, that

relative pronoun

प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - he should accept, he should receive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of grah

optative mood

9th class verb

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, likewise

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - likewise (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

emphasis particle

असाधुतः (asādhutaḥ) - from a bad person (asādhu) (from a bad/unvirtuous person)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of asādhu

asādhu - bad, wicked, unvirtuous person (asādhu)

nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of a (not) + sādhu

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sādhu)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous
  adjective (masculine)
  from sādh (to accomplish) + u
  Root: sādh (class 5)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija) (a brahmin, a twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (dvija), brahmin, bird

from dvi (twice) + jan (born) + ḍa

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jan – to be born, to produce
  verb
  root
  root 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)

गुणवति (guṇavati) - if it is from a virtuous person (from a virtuous person, when there is virtue)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - endowed with qualities, virtuous

from guṇa (quality) + matup (possessive suffix)

अल्पदोषः (alpadoṣaḥ) - little fault, minor defect

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpadoṣa

alpadoṣa - having little fault, minor defect

karmadhāraya compound: alpa (little) + doṣa (fault)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (alpa+doṣa)

• alpa – little, small, insignificant
  adjective
• doṣa – fault, defect, sin
  noun (masculine)
  from duṣ (to be bad) + a
  Root: duṣ (class 4)

स्यात् (syāt) - there would be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative mood

2nd class verb

Root: as (class 2)

निर्गुणे (nirguṇe) - if it is from one devoid of virtue (from one without virtue, when there is no virtue)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities, devoid of virtue

bahuvrīhi compound: nis (without) + guṇa (quality)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+guṇa)

• nis – without, out
  indeclinable
  prefix
• guṇa – quality, virtue, excellence
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

particle

निमज्जति (nimajjati) - he certainly sinks (into degradation) (he sinks, he plunges)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of majj

present tense

6th class verb

Prefix: ni

Root: majj (class 6)