महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-94, verse-17

ऋषय ऊचुः ।
राजन्प्रतिग्रहो राज्ञो मध्वास्वादो विषोपमः ।
तज्जानमानः कस्मात्त्वं कुरुषे नः प्रलोभनम् ॥१७॥

17. ṛṣaya ūcuḥ ,
rājanpratigraho rājño madhvāsvādo viṣopamaḥ ,
tajjānamānaḥ kasmāttvaṁ kuruṣe naḥ pralobhanam.

17. ṛṣayaḥ ūcuḥ rājan pratigrahaḥ rājñaḥ madhu āsvādaḥ viṣa
upamaḥ tat jānamānaḥ kasmāt tvam kuruṣe naḥ pralobhanam

17. ṛṣayaḥ ūcuḥ rājan rājñaḥ pratigrahaḥ madhu āsvādaḥ viṣa
upamaḥ tat jānamānaḥ tvam naḥ kasmāt pralobhanam kuruṣe

17. The sages said: 'O King, accepting gifts from a king is sweet like honey in its initial taste, but it is comparable to poison. Knowing this, why do you offer us temptation?'

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

• राजन् (rājan) - O King!

• प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - acceptance of a king's gift (acceptance of a gift, receiving)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• मधु (madhu) - honey, sweet

• आस्वादः (āsvādaḥ) - sweet taste (taste, flavor)

• विष (viṣa) - poison

• उपमः (upamaḥ) - similar, comparable

• तत् (tat) - that (fact, i.e., it's like poison) (that, this)

• जानमानः (jānamānaḥ) - knowing this (fact) (knowing, understanding)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

• कुरुषे (kuruṣe) - you offer (you (singular) make, do, offer)

• नः (naḥ) - us (sages) (to us, of us, us)

• प्रलोभनम् (pralobhanam) - temptation, enticement

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

From root 'ṛṣ' (to go, to move)

Root: ṛṣ

Note: Nominative plural of 'ṛṣi'.

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Irregular perfect formation from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: 3rd pers. pl. perfect active indicative.

राजन् (rājan) - O King!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Vocative singular of 'rājan'.

प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - acceptance of a king's gift (acceptance of a gift, receiving)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratigraha

pratigraha - receiving, acceptance, a gift received

From root 'grah' (to seize, accept) with prefix 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Nominative singular of 'pratigraha'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Genitive singular of 'rājan'.

मधु (madhu) - honey, sweet

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of madhu

madhu - honey, sweet, mead, liquor, spring season

Note: Nominative singular of 'madhu'. Used as the first part of a compound or simile.

आस्वादः (āsvādaḥ) - sweet taste (taste, flavor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsvāda

āsvāda - taste, flavor, enjoying

From root 'svad' (to taste) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: svad (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular of 'āsvāda'. In 'madhvāsvāda', 'madhu' is used adjectivally (sweet).

विष (viṣa) - poison

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viṣa

viṣa - poison, venom

Note: Nominative singular 'viṣa'.

उपमः (upamaḥ) - similar, comparable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upama

upama - highest, nearest, comparable, resembling

From root 'mā' (to measure) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Nominative singular masculine of 'upama'.

तत् (tat) - that (fact, i.e., it's like poison) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Accusative singular neuter, object of 'jānamānaḥ'.

जानमानः (jānamānaḥ) - knowing this (fact) (knowing, understanding)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñā

jñā - to know, to understand

Present Middle Participle

From root 'jñā' (to know), Class 9, present middle participle.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Present Middle Participle, nominative singular masculine, modifying the implied subject 'you (king)'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

interrogative pronoun (ablative)

Note: Ablative singular neuter, functioning as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

second person singular pronoun

Note: Nominative singular, second person.

कुरुषे (kuruṣe) - you offer (you (singular) make, do, offer)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Middle Indicative

Root 'kṛ', Class 8 (tanādi), 2nd person singular middle voice present.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: 2nd pers. sg. present middle indicative.

नः (naḥ) - us (sages) (to us, of us, us)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

first person plural pronoun

Note: Enclitic 1st pers. pl. pronoun, here likely dative (to us) or accusative (us).

प्रलोभनम् (pralobhanam) - temptation, enticement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pralobhana

pralobhana - enticing, tempting, allurement, temptation

From root 'lubh' (to desire) with prefix 'pra' and 'ana' suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular of 'pralobhana'.