महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-60, verse-9

दममेव महाराज धर्ममाहुः पुरातनम् ।
स्वाध्यायोऽध्यापनं चैव तत्र कर्म समाप्यते ॥९॥

9. damameva mahārāja dharmamāhuḥ purātanam ,
svādhyāyo'dhyāpanaṁ caiva tatra karma samāpyate.

9. damam eva mahārāja dharmam āhuḥ purātanam |
svādhyāyaḥ adhyāpanam ca eva tatra karma samāpyate

9. mahārāja,
damam eva purātanam dharmam āhuḥ.
svādhyāyaḥ ca adhyāpanam eva tatra karma samāpyate.

9. O great king, they declare self-control (dama) to be the ancient natural law (dharma). Through self-study (svādhyāya) and teaching, one's duty (karma) in this matter is accomplished.

Words meanings summery:

• दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, primeval

• स्वाध्यायः (svādhyāyaḥ) - self-study, study of the Vedas

• अध्यापनम् (adhyāpanam) - teaching

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• तत्र (tatra) - in the context of self-study and teaching (there, in that)

• कर्म (karma) - action, duty

• समाप्यते (samāpyate) - is completed, is concluded, is accomplished

Words meanings and morphology

दमम् (damam) - self-control, restraint

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation

from √dam 'to tame, control'

Root: dam (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly, even

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature

from √dhṛ 'to uphold, support'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of √ah

perfect active

strong perfect 3rd plural

Root: ah

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, primeval

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval

from purā 'formerly' + suffix -tana

Note: Agrees with `dharmam`

स्वाध्यायः (svādhyāyaḥ) - self-study, study of the Vedas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of one's own Veda portion, sacred study

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – one's own, self
  adjective
• adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  from adhi-√i 'to go over, study'
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

अध्यापनम् (adhyāpanam) - teaching

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyāpana

adhyāpana - teaching, instructing

causative noun from adhi-√i 'to go over, study'

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - in the context of self-study and teaching (there, in that)

(indeclinable)

locative adverb from tad

Note: Refers to the context of self-study and teaching.

कर्म (karma) - action, duty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, duty, fate, effect of actions

from √kṛ 'to do, make'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

समाप्यते (samāpyate) - is completed, is concluded, is accomplished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √sam-āp

present passive

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: āp (class 5)