महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-60, verse-12

परिनिष्ठितकार्यस्तु स्वाध्यायेनैव ब्राह्मणः ।
कुर्यादन्यन्न वा कुर्यान्मैत्रो ब्राह्मण उच्यते ॥१२॥

12. pariniṣṭhitakāryastu svādhyāyenaiva brāhmaṇaḥ ,
kuryādanyanna vā kuryānmaitro brāhmaṇa ucyate.

12. pariniṣṭhitakāryaḥ tu svādhyāyena eva brāhmaṇaḥ |
kuryāt anyat na vā kuryāt maitraḥ brāhmaṇaḥ ucyate

12. tu brāhmaṇaḥ svādhyāyena eva pariniṣṭhitakāryaḥ,
anyat na vā kuryāt.
saḥ maitraḥ brāhmaṇaḥ ucyate.

12. However, a Brahmin (brāhmaṇa) whose primary duty (karma) is fulfilled solely through self-study (svādhyāya)—he may or may not perform other actions. Such a Brahmin (brāhmaṇa) is considered 'friendly' or 'benevolent' (maitra).

Words meanings summery:

• परिनिष्ठितकार्यः (pariniṣṭhitakāryaḥ) - one whose primary duty is fulfilled (one whose task is completed, one who has accomplished his duties)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• स्वाध्यायेन (svādhyāyena) - by self-study, through study of Vedas

• एव (eva) - only, indeed

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should do, he may do

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other (actions/duties) (other, another (thing))

• न (na) - not

• वा (vā) - or

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should do, he may do

• मैत्रः (maitraḥ) - benevolent, friendly, belonging to Mitra

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

परिनिष्ठितकार्यः (pariniṣṭhitakāryaḥ) - one whose primary duty is fulfilled (one whose task is completed, one who has accomplished his duties)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariniṣṭhitakārya

pariniṣṭhitakārya - one whose work is finished, accomplished in duties

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pariniṣṭhita+kārya)

• pariniṣṭhita – finished, completed, accomplished
  adjective
  past passive participle
  from pari-ni-√sthā 'to stand fully, accomplish'
  Prefixes: pari+ni
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• kārya – task, duty, action (to be done)
  noun (neuter)
  gerundive/future passive participle
  from √kṛ 'to do'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to `brāhmaṇa`.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

स्वाध्यायेन (svādhyāyena) - by self-study, through study of Vedas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of one's own Veda portion, sacred study

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – one's own, self
  adjective
• adhyāya – study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  from adhi-√i 'to go over, study'
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Instrument by which the task is completed.

एव (eva) - only, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'solely through self-study'.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

descendant or follower of Brahman

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should do, he may do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √kṛ

optative active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used twice in the sense of 'may or may not'.

अन्यत् (anyat) - other (actions/duties) (other, another (thing))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Object of `kuryāt`.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to form an 'either/or' construction.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should do, he may do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √kṛ

optative active

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used in the 'na vā kuryāt' construction.

मैत्रः (maitraḥ) - benevolent, friendly, belonging to Mitra

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maitra

maitra - friendly, benevolent, kind; relating to Mitra; of friendship

from mitra 'friend'

Note: Agrees with `brāhmaṇaḥ`.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

descendant or follower of Brahman

Note: Subject of `ucyate`.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √vac

present passive

Root: vac (class 2)