महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-60, verse-35

शूद्रेण च न हातव्यो भर्ता कस्यांचिदापदि ।
अतिरेकेण भर्तव्यो भर्ता द्रव्यपरिक्षये ।
न हि स्वमस्ति शूद्रस्य भर्तृहार्यधनो ह्यसौ ॥३५॥

35. śūdreṇa ca na hātavyo bhartā kasyāṁcidāpadi ,
atirekeṇa bhartavyo bhartā dravyaparikṣaye ,
na hi svamasti śūdrasya bhartṛhāryadhano hyasau.

35. śūdreṇa ca na hātavyaḥ bhartā kasyāṃcit
āpadi atirekeṇa bhartavyaḥ bhartā
dravyaparakṣaye na hi svam asti
śūdrasya bhartṛhāryadhanaḥ hi asau

35. śūdreṇa ca bhartā kasyāṃcit āpadi na
hātavyaḥ dravyaparakṣaye bhartā
atirekeṇa bhartavyaḥ hi śūdrasya svam
na asti hi asau bhartṛhāryadhanaḥ

35. A master (bhartā) should not be abandoned by a śūdra in any calamity. On the contrary, the master should be supported with exceptional care even when wealth is depleted. For indeed, a śūdra possesses no property of his own; he is one whose wealth can be taken by his master (bhartṛhāryadhana).

Words meanings summery:

• शूद्रेण (śūdreṇa) - by a member of the śūdra varṇa (by a śūdra)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हातव्यः (hātavyaḥ) - should be abandoned (to be abandoned, to be left)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - master, husband (supporter, master, husband, ruler)

• कस्यांचित् (kasyāṁcit) - in any (in any (feminine))

• आपदि (āpadi) - in any calamity (in calamity, in distress)

• अतिरेकेण (atirekeṇa) - with exceptional care, excessively (excessively, especially, beyond measure)

• भर्तव्यः (bhartavyaḥ) - should be supported (to be maintained, to be supported)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - master, husband (supporter, master, husband, ruler)

• द्रव्यपरक्षये (dravyaparakṣaye) - when wealth is depleted/lost (in the loss/exhaustion of wealth)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because, for)

• स्वम् (svam) - property of his own (one's own, property, wealth)

• अस्ति (asti) - exists, is present (is, exists)

• शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of a śūdra

• भर्तृहार्यधनः (bhartṛhāryadhanaḥ) - one whose wealth can be taken by his master (bhartṛhāryadhana) (one whose wealth is carried away by the master, one whose property is for the master)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because, for)

• असौ (asau) - he (the śūdra) (he, that one)

Words meanings and morphology

शूद्रेण (śūdreṇa) - by a member of the śūdra varṇa (by a śūdra)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth varṇa (social class)

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

हातव्यः (hātavyaḥ) - should be abandoned (to be abandoned, to be left)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hātavya

hātavya - to be abandoned, to be left, to be given up

Gerundive

From root 'hā' (to abandon, to leave) with 'tavya' suffix.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective, implies 'is to be abandoned'.

भर्ता (bhartā) - master, husband (supporter, master, husband, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, master, husband, ruler, maintainer

From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) + 'tṛ' suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

कस्यांचित् (kasyāṁcit) - in any (in any (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kimcid

kimcid - any, some, a certain

From pronominal stem 'kim' + particle 'cid'.

Note: Adjective modifying 'āpadi'.

आपदि (āpadi) - in any calamity (in calamity, in distress)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, distress, misfortune, danger

From prefix 'ā' and root 'pad' (to go, fall).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Locative of time or circumstance.

अतिरेकेण (atirekeṇa) - with exceptional care, excessively (excessively, especially, beyond measure)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of atireka

atireka - excess, surplus, abundance

From prefix 'ati' and root 'ric' (to leave, exceed).

Prefix: ati

Root: ric (class 7)

Note: Indicates the manner of maintenance.

भर्तव्यः (bhartavyaḥ) - should be supported (to be maintained, to be supported)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartavya

bhartavya - to be supported, to be maintained, to be nourished

Gerundive

From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support, nourish) with 'tavya' suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective.

भर्ता (bhartā) - master, husband (supporter, master, husband, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, master, husband, ruler, maintainer

From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) + 'tṛ' suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject.

द्रव्यपरक्षये (dravyaparakṣaye) - when wealth is depleted/lost (in the loss/exhaustion of wealth)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dravyaparakṣaya

dravyaparakṣaya - loss of wealth, exhaustion of property

Compound: 'dravya' (wealth) + 'parakṣaya' (loss/destruction).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dravya+parakṣaya)

• dravya – wealth, substance, property, material
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'dru' (to run) or 'dū' (to injure).
  Root: dru (class 1)
• parakṣaya – loss, destruction, decay, waste
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'pari' and root 'kṣi' (to destroy, diminish). Often written as 'parikṣaya'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Locative of time or circumstance.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Introduces a reason.

स्वम् (svam) - property of his own (one's own, property, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, own property, wealth, relation, self

Note: Subject of 'asti'.

अस्ति (asti) - exists, is present (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

शूद्रस्य (śūdrasya) - of a śūdra

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth varṇa (social class)

Note: Possessive, 'belonging to a śūdra'.

भर्तृहार्यधनः (bhartṛhāryadhanaḥ) - one whose wealth can be taken by his master (bhartṛhāryadhana) (one whose wealth is carried away by the master, one whose property is for the master)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛhāryadhana

bhartṛhāryadhana - one whose property is to be taken by the master

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'bhartṛ' (master) + 'hārya' (to be taken) + 'dhana' (wealth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhartṛ+hārya+dhana)

• bhartṛ – supporter, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) + 'tṛ' suffix.
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• hārya – to be taken, to be carried away, to be removed
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root 'hṛ' (to take, carry) + 'ṇyat' suffix.
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dhā' (to place, to hold).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'asau'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes the preceding statement.

असौ (asau) - he (the śūdra) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronominal stem.

Note: Refers to 'śūdra'.