महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-60, verse-31

तस्य वृत्तिं प्रवक्ष्यामि यच्च तस्योपजीवनम् ।
अवश्यभरणीयो हि वर्णानां शूद्र उच्यते ॥३१॥

31. tasya vṛttiṁ pravakṣyāmi yacca tasyopajīvanam ,
avaśyabharaṇīyo hi varṇānāṁ śūdra ucyate.

31. tasya vṛttiṃ pravakṣyāmi yat ca tasya upajīvanam
avaśyabharaṇīyaḥ hi varṇānāṃ śūdraḥ ucyate

31. tasya vṛttiṃ ca yat tasya upajīvanam (tat)
pravakṣyāmi hi śūdraḥ varṇānām avaśyabharaṇīyaḥ ucyate

31. I shall declare his (the śūdra's) livelihood and his means of subsistence, for the śūdra is indeed declared to be one who must be maintained by the (other) classes (varṇas).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of the śūdra mentioned previously (his, its, of that)

• वृत्तिं (vṛttiṁ) - livelihood, occupation, activity, mode of being

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall declare, I shall explain

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• च (ca) - and, also

• तस्य (tasya) - of the śūdra (his, its, of that)

• उपजीवनम् (upajīvanam) - means of subsistence, livelihood

• अवश्यभरणीयः (avaśyabharaṇīyaḥ) - one who must be supported, necessarily to be maintained

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• वर्णानां (varṇānāṁ) - of the (other) social classes (varṇas) (of the classes, of the colors)

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is declared, is called

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of the śūdra mentioned previously (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the śūdra.

वृत्तिं (vṛttiṁ) - livelihood, occupation, activity, mode of being

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, occupation, conduct, mode of life, existence

from root vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall declare, I shall explain

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pravac

root vac with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Refers to 'upajīvanam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'vṛttiṃ' and 'upajīvanam'.

तस्य (tasya) - of the śūdra (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the śūdra.

उपजीवनम् (upajīvanam) - means of subsistence, livelihood

(noun)

neuter, singular of upajīvana

upajīvana - livelihood, means of subsistence, living upon

root jīv with upasarga upa

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Accusative, object of pravakṣyāmi.

अवश्यभरणीयः (avaśyabharaṇīyaḥ) - one who must be supported, necessarily to be maintained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśyabharaṇīya

avaśyabharaṇīya - necessarily to be supported/maintained

Gerundive

compound of avaśya (necessarily) and bharaṇīya (to be supported)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (avaśya+bharaṇīya)

• avaśya – necessarily, certainly, inevitably
  indeclinable
• bharaṇīya – to be borne, to be supported, to be maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  from root bhṛ + anīyar (gerundive suffix)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for śūdraḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Explanatory particle.

वर्णानां (varṇānāṁ) - of the (other) social classes (varṇas) (of the classes, of the colors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, appearance, class, social order, character

Root: vṛ

Note: Often implies 'by' when used with a gerundive construction, indicating the agent of the necessity to maintain.

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the fourth social class; a servant

Note: Subject of ucyate.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is declared, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Root vac has irregular passive forms.