महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-60, verse-22

पितृवत्पालयेद्वैश्यो युक्तः सर्वपशूनिह ।
विकर्म तद्भवेदन्यत्कर्म यद्यत्समाचरेत् ।
रक्षया स हि तेषां वै महत्सुखमवाप्नुयात् ॥२२॥

22. pitṛvatpālayedvaiśyo yuktaḥ sarvapaśūniha ,
vikarma tadbhavedanyatkarma yadyatsamācaret ,
rakṣayā sa hi teṣāṁ vai mahatsukhamavāpnuyāt.

22. pitṛvat pālayet vaiśyaḥ yuktaḥ
sarvapaśūn iha vikarma tat bhavet anyat
karma yat yat samācaret rakṣayā saḥ
hi teṣāṃ vai mahat sukham avāpnuyāt

22. iha yuktaḥ vaiśyaḥ sarvapaśūn
pitṛvat pālayet yat yat anyat karma
samācaret tat vikarma bhavet saḥ
hi teṣāṃ vai mahat sukham avāpnuyāt

22. A Vaiśya, diligently engaged, should protect all animals in this world as a father would. Any other action (karma) he performs would be an improper deed (vikarma). Indeed, by their protection, he would certainly attain great happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• पितृवत् (pitṛvat) - like a father, paternally

• पालयेत् (pālayet) - he should protect, he should tend

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaiśya

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - diligently engaged in his duties (engaged, diligent, endowed with)

• सर्वपशून् (sarvapaśūn) - all animals, all cattle

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• विकर्म (vikarma) - Any action other than protecting animals for a Vaiśya (improper action, wrong deed)

• तत् (tat) - Referring to 'whatever other action' (that)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it should be

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, different

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed

• यत् (yat) - whatever

• यत् (yat) - whatever

• समाचरेत् (samācaret) - he might perform, he might practice

• रक्षया (rakṣayā) - by the act of protecting the animals (by protection, through protection)

• सः (saḥ) - Referring to the Vaiśya (he)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• तेषां (teṣāṁ) - of the animals (of them)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy

• अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - he would obtain, he would achieve

Words meanings and morphology

पितृवत् (pitṛvat) - like a father, paternally

(indeclinable)

vat suffix meaning 'like'

पालयेत् (pālayet) - he should protect, he should tend

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pāl

optative mood

root pāl with optative ending

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: The active voice, 3rd person singular, optative mood of the verb pāl (to protect)

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaiśya

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the third (merchant/farmer) social class

Note: Subject of pālayet

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - diligently engaged in his duties (engaged, diligent, endowed with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, engaged, devoted, appropriate, diligent

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj with kta suffix

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with vaiśyaḥ

सर्वपशून् (sarvapaśūn) - all animals, all cattle

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarvapaśu

sarvapaśu - all animals, every beast, all cattle

Compound of sarva (all) and paśu (animal)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+paśu)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• paśu – animal, beast, cattle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of pālayet

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

विकर्म (vikarma) - Any action other than protecting animals for a Vaiśya (improper action, wrong deed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vikarma

vikarma - improper action, forbidden deed, wrong doing, bad karma

Compound of vi (negative/contrary) and karma (action)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+karma)

• vi – dis-, un-, against, apart, contrary
  indeclinable
• karma – action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative

तत् (tat) - Referring to 'whatever other action' (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of bhavet

भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

optative mood

Root bhū with optative ending

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The active voice, 3rd person singular, optative mood of the verb bhū (to be)

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, different

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with karma

कर्म (karma) - action, deed

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject in the yat yat clause

यत् (yat) - whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever (relative pronoun)

Note: Repetition (yat yat) implies 'whatever'

यत् (yat) - whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever (relative pronoun)

Note: Repetition (yat yat) implies 'whatever'

समाचरेत् (samācaret) - he might perform, he might practice

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ā-car

optative mood

Root car with prefix sam-ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: The active voice, 3rd person singular, optative mood of the verb samācar (to perform)

रक्षया (rakṣayā) - by the act of protecting the animals (by protection, through protection)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rakṣā

rakṣā - protection, guarding, preservation

from root rakṣ (to protect)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Referring to the Vaiśya (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of avāpnuyāt

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

तेषां (teṣāṁ) - of the animals (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - of them, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to sarvapaśūn

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Agrees with sukham

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, ease, comfort, pleasure

Note: Object of avāpnuyāt

अवाप्नुयात् (avāpnuyāt) - he would obtain, he would achieve

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of āp

optative mood

Root āp with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: The active voice, 3rd person singular, optative mood of the verb avāp (to obtain)