महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-60, verse-3

केन स्विद्वर्धते राष्ट्रं राजा केन विवर्धते ।
केन पौराश्च भृत्याश्च वर्धन्ते भरतर्षभ ॥३॥

3. kena svidvardhate rāṣṭraṁ rājā kena vivardhate ,
kena paurāśca bhṛtyāśca vardhante bharatarṣabha.

3. kena svit vardhate rāṣṭram rājā kena vivardhate
kena paurāḥ ca bhṛtyāḥ ca vardhante bharatarṣabha

3. O bharatarṣabha,
kena svit rāṣṭram vardhate kena rājā vivardhate kena paurāḥ ca bhṛtyāḥ ca vardhante

3. By what means does the kingdom (rāṣṭra) prosper? By what means does the king prosper? By what means do the citizens and servants prosper, O best of the Bharatas?

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed, perhaps (an emphatic or interrogative particle)

• वर्धते (vardhate) - prospers, grows, increases

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, nation, state

• राजा (rājā) - king

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• विवर्धते (vivardhate) - prospers greatly, flourishes

• केन (kena) - by what, by which

• पौराः (paurāḥ) - citizens, townspeople

• च (ca) - and

• भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants, dependents

• च (ca) - and

• वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - prosper, grow, increase

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas (an epithet for Yudhishthira)

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

स्वित् (svit) - indeed, perhaps (an emphatic or interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

वर्धते (vardhate) - prospers, grows, increases

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present tense 3rd person singular middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, nation, state

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, nation, country, dominion, realm

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

विवर्धते (vivardhate) - prospers greatly, flourishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present tense 3rd person singular middle voice (ātmanepada) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

केन (kena) - by what, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

पौराः (paurāḥ) - citizens, townspeople

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paura

paura - citizen, town-dweller, urban

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भृत्याः (bhṛtyāḥ) - servants, dependents

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependent, employee, retainer

Gerundive/Past Passive Participle (secondary)

From root bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वर्धन्ते (vardhante) - prosper, grow, increase

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present tense 3rd person plural middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas (an epithet for Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata (an ancient king), a member of the Bharata clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent one, chief
  noun (masculine)