महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-60, verse-21

वैश्यस्यापीह यो धर्मस्तं ते वक्ष्यामि भारत ।
दानमध्ययनं यज्ञः शौचेन धनसंचयः ॥२१॥

21. vaiśyasyāpīha yo dharmastaṁ te vakṣyāmi bhārata ,
dānamadhyayanaṁ yajñaḥ śaucena dhanasaṁcayaḥ.

21. vaiśyasya api iha yaḥ dharmaḥ tam te vakṣyāmi
bhārata dānam adhyayanaṃ yajñaḥ śaucena dhanasañcayaḥ

21. bhārata iha vaiśyasya yaḥ dharmaḥ tam te vakṣyāmi
dānam adhyayanaṃ yajñaḥ śaucena dhanasañcayaḥ

21. O Bhārata, I will now explain to you the intrinsic nature (dharma) that pertains to a Vaiśya. It consists of charity (dāna), study, Vedic ritual (yajña), and the accumulation of wealth through pure means.

Words meanings summery:

• वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya

• अपि (api) - also, even

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter

• यः (yaḥ) - which, what

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature and duty of the Vaiśya class (natural law, duty, intrinsic nature)

• तम् (tam) - that

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will speak

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to a listener, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna in other contexts, here a generic address (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

• दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving

• अध्ययनं (adhyayanaṁ) - study, learning

• यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - ritual sacrifice

• शौचेन (śaucena) - through honest and pure means of earning wealth (through purity, by means of cleanliness)

• धनसञ्चयः (dhanasañcayaḥ) - accumulation of wealth

Words meanings and morphology

वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a Vaiśya

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the third (merchant/farmer) social class, a commoner

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature and duty of the Vaiśya class (natural law, duty, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature, religion, constitution

from root dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

Note: referring to dharmaḥ

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Dative singular of yuṣmad

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

future tense

S-future stem vakṣya- from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to a listener, likely Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Arjuna in other contexts, here a generic address (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, an Indian

दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, giving, charity, liberality (dāna)

from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Part of a list of duties, so nominative

अध्ययनं (adhyayanaṁ) - study, learning

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, reading, learning (especially of the Vedas)

derived from adhi-i (to go over, study)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Part of a list of duties

यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - ritual sacrifice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - worship, devotion, offering, sacrifice, ritual (yajña)

from root yaj (to worship)

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of duties

शौचेन (śaucena) - through honest and pure means of earning wealth (through purity, by means of cleanliness)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śauca

śauca - purity, cleanliness, honesty, integrity

Note: Instrument of dhanasañcayaḥ

धनसञ्चयः (dhanasañcayaḥ) - accumulation of wealth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanasañcaya

dhanasañcaya - accumulation of wealth, collecting riches

compound of dhana (wealth) and sañcaya (accumulation)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+sañcaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• sañcaya – accumulation, collection, heap
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-ci (to heap together)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Part of a list of duties