महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-60, verse-18

दानमध्ययनं यज्ञो योगः क्षेमो विधीयते ।
तस्माद्राज्ञा विशेषेण योद्धव्यं धर्ममीप्सता ॥१८॥

18. dānamadhyayanaṁ yajño yogaḥ kṣemo vidhīyate ,
tasmādrājñā viśeṣeṇa yoddhavyaṁ dharmamīpsatā.

18. dānam adhyayanam yajñaḥ yogaḥ kṣemaḥ vidhīyate |
tasmāt rājñā viśeṣeṇa yoddhavyam dharmam īpsatā

18. dānam adhyayanam yajñaḥ yogaḥ kṣemaḥ vidhīyate
tasmāt dharmam īpsatā rājñā viśeṣeṇa yoddhavyam

18. Giving (dāna), study, Vedic ritual (yajña), disciplined practice (yoga), and the protection of welfare are prescribed (for a ruler). Therefore, a king, especially one who desires to uphold natural law (dharma), must fight.

Words meanings summery:

• दानम् (dānam) - giving, charity, donation

• अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - scriptural study, especially of the Vedas (study, learning, recitation)

• यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice, ritual, worship

• योगः (yogaḥ) - disciplined practice, union, connection, spiritual discipline

• क्षेमः (kṣemaḥ) - welfare, security, well-being

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is enjoined, is made, is performed

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, by distinction

• योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - ought to be fought, should fight

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, righteousness, natural law

• ईप्सता (īpsatā) - by one desiring, by one wishing

Words meanings and morphology

दानम् (dānam) - giving, charity, donation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, charity, donation, gift

from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - scriptural study, especially of the Vedas (study, learning, recitation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, recitation (especially of Vedas or sacred texts)

from adhi-√i (to go over, study)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - sacrifice, ritual, worship

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, worship, offering

from root yaj (to sacrifice, worship)

Root: yaj (class 1)

योगः (yogaḥ) - disciplined practice, union, connection, spiritual discipline

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, connection, spiritual discipline, disciplined practice, concentration, effort

from root yuj (to join, to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

क्षेमः (kṣemaḥ) - welfare, security, well-being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣema

kṣema - welfare, security, well-being, prosperity, safety

from root kṣi (to dwell, to possess), implying a secure state

Root: kṣi (class 5)

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is enjoined, is made, is performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vi-√dhā

from root dhā (to place) with prefix vi; passive voice, present tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

ablative singular of tad, used adverbially

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, by distinction

(indeclinable)

instrumental singular, used adverbially

Note: Adverbial instrumental.

योद्धव्यम् (yoddhavyam) - ought to be fought, should fight

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yoddhavya

yoddhavya - to be fought, fit for fighting, ought to be fought

Gerundive

from root yudh (to fight) with suffix -tavya

Root: yudh (class 4)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, righteousness, natural law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, natural law, constitution, virtue

from root dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of īpsatā.

ईप्सता (īpsatā) - by one desiring, by one wishing

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of īpsat

īpsat - desiring, wishing, seeking to obtain

Present Active Participle

from desiderative form of root āp (to obtain), with prefix

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies rājñā.