महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-31, verse-46

स त्वं राजेन्द्र संजातं शोकमेतन्निवर्तय ।
यथा त्वां केशवः प्राह व्यासश्च सुमहातपाः ॥४६॥

46. sa tvaṁ rājendra saṁjātaṁ śokametannivartaya ,
yathā tvāṁ keśavaḥ prāha vyāsaśca sumahātapāḥ.

46. saḥ tvam rājendra saṃjātam śokam etat nivartaya
yathā tvām keśavaḥ prāha vyāsaḥ ca sumahātapāḥ

46. rājendra saḥ tvam etat saṃjātam śokam nivartaya
yathā tvām keśavaḥ vyāsaḥ ca sumahātapāḥ prāha

46. O king, therefore cast off this grief that has arisen within you, just as Keśava and the great sage Vyāsa told you.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that, therefore

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king Yudhiṣṭhira (O king of kings, O ruler of men)

• संजातम् (saṁjātam) - born, arisen, produced

• शोकम् (śokam) - grief, sorrow, lamentation

• एतत् (etat) - this

• निवर्तय (nivartaya) - cause to turn back, avert, cast off, cease

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which manner

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (epithet of Kṛṣṇa)

• प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke, told

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (the sage)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुमहातपाः (sumahātapāḥ) - one who has great spiritual energy, highly ascetic, luminary

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that, therefore

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king Yudhiṣṭhira (O king of kings, O ruler of men)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, lord of kings

rājan + indra (tatpuruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, king
  noun (masculine)

संजातम् (saṁjātam) - born, arisen, produced

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃjāta

saṁjāta - born, arisen, produced

Past Passive Participle

sam + jan

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

शोकम् (śokam) - grief, sorrow, lamentation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow

Root: śuc (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

निवर्तय (nivartaya) - cause to turn back, avert, cast off, cease

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present imperative (loṭ) of nivartaya

causative present

ni + vṛt (causative)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which manner

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (epithet of Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava, having fine hair, an epithet of Kṛṣṇa or Viṣṇu

प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke, told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prāha

perfect

pra + ah

Prefix: pra

Root: ah

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (the sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyāsa, compiler of the Vedas

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सुमहातपाः (sumahātapāḥ) - one who has great spiritual energy, highly ascetic, luminary

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahātapas

sumahātapas - having great spiritual energy or austerity

su + mahā + tapas (bahuvrīhi)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+mahātapas)

• su – very, well
  indeclinable
• mahātapas – having great tapas or spiritual splendour
  adjective (masculine)
  mahat + tapas (karmadhāraya)

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