महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-31, verse-36

स ददर्श गतासुं तं शयानं पीतशोणितम् ।
कुमारं विगतानन्दं निशाकरमिव च्युतम् ॥३६॥

36. sa dadarśa gatāsuṁ taṁ śayānaṁ pītaśoṇitam ,
kumāraṁ vigatānandaṁ niśākaramiva cyutam.

36. sa dadarśa gatāsum tam śayānam pītaśoṇitam
kumāram vigatānandam niśākaram iva cyutam

36. sa tam gatāsum pītaśoṇitam vigatānandam
kumāram śayānam cyutam niśākaram iva dadarśa

36. He saw that lifeless boy lying there, his blood having been drunk, devoid of joy, like a fallen moon.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - He (the king) (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• गतासुम् (gatāsum) - lifeless, dead, whose life has departed

• तम् (tam) - him (the boy) (him, that)

• शयानम् (śayānam) - lying (dead) (lying, sleeping)

• पीतशोणितम् (pītaśoṇitam) - whose blood had been drunk (whose blood has been drunk, having drunk blood)

• कुमारम् (kumāram) - the boy (son of the king) (boy, son, youth, prince)

• विगतानन्दम् (vigatānandam) - joyless, deprived of joy, whose joy has departed

• निशाकरम् (niśākaram) - moon (night-maker)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• च्युतम् (cyutam) - fallen (from the sky, like the moon) (fallen, dropped, deviated)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - He (the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated perfect active

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गतासुम् (gatāsum) - lifeless, dead, whose life has departed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gatāsu

gatāsu - lifeless, dead, whose breath (asú) has gone (gata)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed, past (Past Passive Participle of gam)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, life, vital spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'kumāram'.

तम् (tam) - him (the boy) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kumāram'.

शयानम् (śayānam) - lying (dead) (lying, sleeping)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śayana

śayana - lying down, sleeping

Present Participle (ātmanepada)

From root śī (to lie down, sleep)

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'kumāram'.

पीतशोणितम् (pītaśoṇitam) - whose blood had been drunk (whose blood has been drunk, having drunk blood)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pītaśoṇita

pītaśoṇita - having drunk blood, whose blood is drunk

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pīta+śoṇita)

• pīta – drunk, imbibed (Past Passive Participle of pā)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)
• śoṇita – blood, red
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'kumāram'.

कुमारम् (kumāram) - the boy (son of the king) (boy, son, youth, prince)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumāra

kumāra - boy, son, youth, prince

Note: Direct object of 'dadarśa'.

विगतानन्दम् (vigatānandam) - joyless, deprived of joy, whose joy has departed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vigatānanda

vigatānanda - joyless, whose joy (ānanda) has departed (vigata)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vigata+ānanda)

• vigata – gone away, departed (Past Passive Participle of vi-gam)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• ānanda – joy, bliss, happiness
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'kumāram'.

निशाकरम् (niśākaram) - moon (night-maker)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niśākara

niśākara - moon ('night-maker')

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (niśā+kara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• kara – maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

च्युतम् (cyutam) - fallen (from the sky, like the moon) (fallen, dropped, deviated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, deviated (Past Passive Participle of cyu)

Past Passive Participle

From root cyu (to fall, move)

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'niśākaram'.