महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-296, verse-5

बुध्यते यदि वाव्यक्तमेतद्वै पञ्चविंशकम् ।
बुध्यमानो भवत्येष सङ्गात्मक इति श्रुतिः ॥५॥

5. budhyate yadi vāvyaktametadvai pañcaviṁśakam ,
budhyamāno bhavatyeṣa saṅgātmaka iti śrutiḥ.

5. budhyate yadi vā avyaktam etat vai pañcavimśakam
budhyamānaḥ bhavati eṣaḥ saṅgātmakaḥ iti śrutiḥ

5. yadi vā etat avyaktam vai pañcavimśakam budhyate
eṣaḥ budhyamānaḥ saṅgātmakaḥ bhavati iti śrutiḥ

5. If, indeed, this unmanifest (avyakta) is understood as the twenty-fifth principle (puruṣa), then this very understanding one (puruṣa) becomes of the nature of attachment (saṅga-ātmaka), thus states the sacred tradition (śruti).

Words meanings summery:

• बुध्यते (budhyate) - he understands, he perceives

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वा (vā) - or

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - refers to the unmanifest (avyakta), associated with Prakṛti in Sāṅkhya philosophy (the unmanifest, the imperceptible, primordial matter)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the unmanifest) (this)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• पञ्चविम्शकम् (pañcavimśakam) - the twenty-fifth principle (puruṣa) in Sāṅkhya philosophy (the twenty-fifth (principle))

• बुध्यमानः (budhyamānaḥ) - the pure consciousness (Puruṣa) who is mistakenly understood as having attachment (the one who is understanding, the perceiver, the knowing one)

• भवति (bhavati) - he becomes, he is

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to 'budhyamānaḥ') (this one, he)

• सङ्गात्मकः (saṅgātmakaḥ) - describing the understanding one (puruṣa) as becoming entangled with attachment (saṅga), contrary to its true nature (of the nature of attachment, whose essence is attachment)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (quotation marker)

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition, Vedic revelation, scripture

Words meanings and morphology

बुध्यते (budhyate) - he understands, he perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Present Tense

from budh (class 4 verb, Ātmanepada)

Root: budh (class 4)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - refers to the unmanifest (avyakta), associated with Prakṛti in Sāṅkhya philosophy (the unmanifest, the imperceptible, primordial matter)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, unexpressed, imperceptible, primordial matter (avyakta)

Past Passive Participle

from a-vyaj (class 7 verb) with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vyakta – manifested, expressed, clear, perceptible
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vi-añj (class 7 verb)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the unmanifest) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here, this present

Note: Subject of 'budhyate' in a passive sense: 'is understood'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

पञ्चविम्शकम् (pañcavimśakam) - the twenty-fifth principle (puruṣa) in Sāṅkhya philosophy (the twenty-fifth (principle))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcavimśaka

pañcavimśaka - the twenty-fifth (often refers to Puruṣa in Sāṅkhya philosophy as the 25th principle)

Compound type : dvigu (pañcan+vimśati)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• vimśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Object of 'budhyate' (is understood as).

बुध्यमानः (budhyamānaḥ) - the pure consciousness (Puruṣa) who is mistakenly understood as having attachment (the one who is understanding, the perceiver, the knowing one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of budhyamāna

budhyamāna - understanding, perceiving, knowing

Present Middle Participle

from budh (class 4 verb) with suffix -śānac

Root: budh (class 4)

भवति (bhavati) - he becomes, he is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Tense

from bhū (class 1 verb, Parasmaipada)

Root: bhū (class 1)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to 'budhyamānaḥ') (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this here, this present

सङ्गात्मकः (saṅgātmakaḥ) - describing the understanding one (puruṣa) as becoming entangled with attachment (saṅga), contrary to its true nature (of the nature of attachment, whose essence is attachment)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgātmaka

saṅgātmaka - having the nature of attachment, whose essence is attachment

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṅga+ātman+ka)

• saṅga – attachment, clinging, contact, union
  noun (masculine)
  from sam-añj
  Prefix: sam
  Root: añj (class 7)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• ka – suffix indicating 'made of', 'related to', 'having the nature of'
  suffix

Note: Predicate of 'bhavati', describing 'budhyamānaḥ'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the preceding statement as a quotation or traditional saying.

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition, Vedic revelation, scripture

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, what is heard, sacred tradition, Vedic revelation, scripture (śruti)

from root śru (class 5 verb)

Root: śru (class 5)