महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-296, verse-43

एतन्निःश्रेयसकरं ज्ञानानां ते परं मया ।
कथितं तत्त्वतस्तात श्रुत्वा देवर्षितो नृप ॥४३॥

43. etanniḥśreyasakaraṁ jñānānāṁ te paraṁ mayā ,
kathitaṁ tattvatastāta śrutvā devarṣito nṛpa.

43. etat niḥśreyasakaram jñānānām te param mayā |
kathitam tattvataḥ tāta śrutvā devarṣitaḥ nṛpa

43. tāta nṛpa jñānānām param etat niḥśreyasakaram
mayā devarṣitaḥ śrutvā tattvataḥ te kathitam

43. O dear one (tāta), O king (nṛpa), this supreme (param) [teaching], which brings about liberation (mokṣa) – [and is] supreme among all knowledges (jñānānām) – has been truly (tattvataḥ) recounted to you (te) by me (mayā), after I heard (śrutvā) it from the divine sage (devarṣitaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (teaching/knowledge) (this, this one)

• निःश्रेयसकरम् (niḥśreyasakaram) - brings about liberation (mokṣa) (bestowing supreme bliss/welfare, leading to ultimate good)

• ज्ञानानाम् (jñānānām) - among all knowledges (jñānam) (of knowledges, among knowledges)

• ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, other)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• कथितम् (kathitam) - recounted (told, narrated, spoken)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly (truly, in essence, in reality)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (tāta) (dear father, dear son, dear one (term of endearment))

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - after I heard (having heard)

• देवर्षितः (devarṣitaḥ) - from the divine sage

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king (nṛpa) (O king)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (teaching/knowledge) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the knowledge just discussed.

निःश्रेयसकरम् (niḥśreyasakaram) - brings about liberation (mokṣa) (bestowing supreme bliss/welfare, leading to ultimate good)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niḥśreyasakara

niḥśreyasakara - bestowing supreme bliss/welfare, leading to ultimate good/salvation

Compound of 'niḥśreyasa' (supreme welfare/bliss/liberation) and 'kara' (causing/making).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niḥśreyasa+kara)

• niḥśreyasa – supreme good, ultimate bliss, liberation (mokṣa)
  noun (neuter)
  From 'niḥ' (out, complete) + 'śreyasa' (better, good, excellent)
  Prefix: nis
• kara – making, causing, doing, hand
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with implied 'etat jñānam'.

ज्ञानानाम् (jñānānām) - among all knowledges (jñānam) (of knowledges, among knowledges)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding, awareness

From root 'jñā'

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Partitive genitive, 'supreme among knowledges'.

ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

2nd person pronoun

Note: 'te' is an enclitic form for dative/genitive singular of 'tvad'.

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, other)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, distant, other, subsequent

Note: Agrees with implied 'etat jñānam'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

1st person pronoun

Note: Agent of passive verb 'kathitam'.

कथितम् (kathitam) - recounted (told, narrated, spoken)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kathita

kathita - told, narrated, spoken

past passive participle

From root 'kath' (to tell)

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Predicate of the sentence.

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly (truly, in essence, in reality)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'tas' from 'tattva'.

Note: Modifies 'kathitam'.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (tāta) (dear father, dear son, dear one (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear father, dear son, dear one (term of endearment, often used by elders to juniors, or respectfully among equals)

Note: Address.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - after I heard (having heard)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

From root 'śru' (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

देवर्षितः (devarṣitaḥ) - from the divine sage

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of devarṣi

devarṣi - divine sage

Compound of 'deva' (god) and 'ṛṣi' (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (deva+ṛṣi)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: 'devarṣitaḥ' is ablative. Usually the 'taḥ' suffix is used for adverbs indicating 'from'.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king (nṛpa) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound 'nṛ' (man) + 'pa' (protector), from 'pā' (to protect)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'pā'
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Address.