महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-296, verse-41

भीष्म उवाच ।
एतदुक्तं परं ब्रह्म यस्मान्नावर्तते पुनः ।
पञ्चविंशो महाराज परमर्षिनिदर्शनात् ॥४१॥

41. bhīṣma uvāca ,
etaduktaṁ paraṁ brahma yasmānnāvartate punaḥ ,
pañcaviṁśo mahārāja paramarṣinidarśanāt.

41. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca etat uktam param brahma yasmāt na
āvartate punaḥ pañcavimśaḥ mahārāja paramarṣinidarśanāt

41. bhīṣma uvāca etat param brahma uktam yasmāt punaḥ na
āvartate mahārāja paramarṣinidarśanāt pañcavimśaḥ

41. Bhīṣma said: This supreme reality (brahman) has been declared, from which one does not return again. O great king (mahārāja), this is (the teaching of) the twenty-fifth (principle, i.e., puruṣa), based on the insight (darśana) of the great sages.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The character Bhishma, who is speaking (Bhishma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma pronounced or declared (said, spoke)

• एतत् (etat) - this knowledge or ultimate reality (this, this one)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - has been proclaimed (referring to the supreme reality) (said, declared)

• परम् (param) - the ultimate reality, beyond all others (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - the supreme, ultimate, unconditioned reality (brahman) (Brahman, the ultimate reality)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from this supreme reality (brahman) (from which)

• न (na) - negation of return (not, no)

• आवर्तते (āvartate) - one does not return to the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra) (returns, revolves)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - back into the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra) (again, once more, back)

• पञ्चविम्शः (pañcavimśaḥ) - referring to the Puruṣa (cosmic person/consciousness) as the twenty-fifth principle in Sāṅkhya philosophy, distinct from Prakṛti and its twenty-four evolutes. (twenty-fifth)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing the king. (O great king)

• परमर्षिनिदर्शनात् (paramarṣinidarśanāt) - according to the profound realization and teachings of the foremost sages (from the insight/view of the great sages)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The character Bhishma, who is speaking (Bhishma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma pronounced or declared (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ)

Perfect active 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this knowledge or ultimate reality (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

उक्तम् (uktam) - has been proclaimed (referring to the supreme reality) (said, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'brahma'.

परम् (param) - the ultimate reality, beyond all others (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Qualifies 'brahma'.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - the supreme, ultimate, unconditioned reality (brahman) (Brahman, the ultimate reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute, the ultimate reality, the universal spirit

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from this supreme reality (brahman) (from which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Indicates the source from which return does not happen.

न (na) - negation of return (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

आवर्तते (āvartate) - one does not return to the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra) (returns, revolves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āvṛt

Present tense, middle voice, indicative mood.

From prefix 'ā' + root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist).

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - back into the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra) (again, once more, back)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

पञ्चविम्शः (pañcavimśaḥ) - referring to the Puruṣa (cosmic person/consciousness) as the twenty-fifth principle in Sāṅkhya philosophy, distinct from Prakṛti and its twenty-four evolutes. (twenty-fifth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcavimśa

pañcavimśa - twenty-fifth

Ordinal number. Compound of 'pañcan' (five) and 'vimśati' (twenty).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (pañcan+vimśati)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• vimśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'puruṣa' or 'dharma' (doctrine).

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressing the king. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'rājan' (king).

Compound type : Karmadharaya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

परमर्षिनिदर्शनात् (paramarṣinidarśanāt) - according to the profound realization and teachings of the foremost sages (from the insight/view of the great sages)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of paramarṣinidarśana

paramarṣinidarśana - from the view/insight/demonstration of the supreme sages

Compound of 'parama' (supreme), 'ṛṣi' (sage), and 'nidarśana' (illustration, view, doctrine).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (parama+ṛṣi+nidarśana)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
• nidarśana – showing, illustrating, example, perception, doctrine
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from prefix 'ni' + root 'dṛś' (to see)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates the authority or source of the teaching.