महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-296, verse-42

पुनरावृत्तिमाप्नोति परं ज्ञानमवाप्य च ।
नावबुध्यति तत्त्वेन बुध्यमानोऽजरामरः ॥४२॥

42. punarāvṛttimāpnoti paraṁ jñānamavāpya ca ,
nāvabudhyati tattvena budhyamāno'jarāmaraḥ.

42. punarāvṛttim āpnoti param jñānam avāpya ca |
na avabudhyati tattvena budhyamānaḥ ajarāmaraḥ

42. param jñānam avāpya ca tattvena na avabudhyati
punarāvṛttim āpnoti budhyamānaḥ ajarāmaraḥ

42. Even after attaining supreme knowledge (jñānam), if one does not truly comprehend it, one undergoes rebirth (punarāvṛtti). However, one who understands truly is ageless and immortal.

Words meanings summery:

• पुनरावृत्तिम् (punarāvṛttim) - rebirth (punarāvṛtti) (return, recurrence, transmigration, rebirth)

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - undergoes (attains, obtains, reaches)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, other)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (jñānam) (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)

• अवाप्य (avāpya) - having attained (having obtained, having reached)

• च (ca) - even (implying 'even after') (and, also, moreover)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अवबुध्यति (avabudhyati) - comprehends (understands, comprehends, realizes)

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly (truly, essentially, by truth, in reality)

• बुध्यमानः (budhyamānaḥ) - one who understands (the self) (understanding, knowing, realizing)

• अजरामरः (ajarāmaraḥ) - ageless and immortal (ageless and immortal, free from old age and death)

Words meanings and morphology

पुनरावृत्तिम् (punarāvṛttim) - rebirth (punarāvṛtti) (return, recurrence, transmigration, rebirth)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of punarāvṛtti

punarāvṛtti - return, recurrence, transmigration, rebirth

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - undergoes (attains, obtains, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of āp

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: āp (class 5)

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, other)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, distant, other, subsequent

Note: Agreement with 'jñānam'.

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (jñānam) (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding, awareness

From root 'jñā'

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'avāpya'.

अवाप्य (avāpya) - having attained (having obtained, having reached)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

From root 'āp' with prefix 'ava-'

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Forms a gerund.

च (ca) - even (implying 'even after') (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: In this context, it implies 'even if' or 'in spite of'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अवबुध्यति (avabudhyati) - comprehends (understands, comprehends, realizes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of avabudh

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, active voice

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'.

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly (truly, essentially, by truth, in reality)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

From 'tad' (that) + 'tva' (suffix for state/nature)

Note: Functions as an adverb here.

बुध्यमानः (budhyamānaḥ) - one who understands (the self) (understanding, knowing, realizing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of budhyamāna

budhyamāna - understanding, knowing, realizing

present middle participle

Present participle of root 'budh', middle voice.

Root: budh (class 1)

अजरामरः (ajarāmaraḥ) - ageless and immortal (ageless and immortal, free from old age and death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajarāmara

ajarāmara - ageless and immortal

Compound of 'ajara' and 'amara'

Compound type : dvandva (ajara+amara)

• ajara – not growing old, ageless
  adjective (masculine)
  Negative prefix 'a-' + 'jara' (old age)
  Prefix: a
• amara – immortal, not dying
  adjective (masculine)
  Negative prefix 'a-' + 'mara' (dying)
  Prefix: a

Note: Predicate adjective for 'budhyamānaḥ'.