महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-296, verse-19

बुध्यमानोऽप्रबुद्धेन समतां याति मैथिल ।
सङ्गधर्मा भवत्येष निःसङ्गात्मा नराधिप ॥१९॥

19. budhyamāno'prabuddhena samatāṁ yāti maithila ,
saṅgadharmā bhavatyeṣa niḥsaṅgātmā narādhipa.

19. budhyamānaḥ aprabuddhena samatāṃ yāti maithila
saṅgadharmā bhavati eṣa niḥsaṅgātmā narādhipa

19. maithila,
aprabuddhena budhyamānaḥ samatāṃ yāti; narādhipa,
niḥsaṅgātmā eṣa saṅgadharmā bhavati

19. O Maithila, the conscious (puruṣa), when perceived by the unawakened, attains a state of equality (with nature). O King, this (puruṣa), whose true self (ātman) is unattached, then takes on the characteristic of attachment.

Words meanings summery:

• बुध्यमानः (budhyamānaḥ) - the conscious (puruṣa), or that which is being perceived (puruṣa) (the understanding one, the perceiving one, the conscious one, the one being understood)

• अप्रबुद्धेन (aprabuddhena) - by the unawakened or ignorant intellect (buddhi) or individual (by the unawakened, by the ignorant, by the undiscerned)

• समतां (samatāṁ) - equality, sameness, similarity

• याति (yāti) - goes, attains, reaches

• मैथिल (maithila) - O Maithila, O king of Mithila (Janaka)

• सङ्गधर्मा (saṅgadharmā) - having the nature of attachment, characterized by association

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, arises

• एष (eṣa) - this (puruṣa) (this one)

• निःसङ्गात्मा (niḥsaṅgātmā) - the (puruṣa) whose ātman (self/essence) is unattached (the unattached self, whose essence is unattached)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, O ruler of men

Words meanings and morphology

बुध्यमानः (budhyamānaḥ) - the conscious (puruṣa), or that which is being perceived (puruṣa) (the understanding one, the perceiving one, the conscious one, the one being understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of budhyamāna

budhyamāna - understanding, perceiving, knowing; being understood/perceived

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of root budh

Root: budh (class 1)

अप्रबुद्धेन (aprabuddhena) - by the unawakened or ignorant intellect (buddhi) or individual (by the unawakened, by the ignorant, by the undiscerned)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aprabuddha

aprabuddha - unawakened, ignorant, unconscious, not understood

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of pra-budh with negative 'a-' prefix

Prefix: pra

Root: budh

समतां (samatāṁ) - equality, sameness, similarity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samatā

samatā - equality, sameness, impartiality, equanimity

याति (yāti) - goes, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

मैथिल (maithila) - O Maithila, O king of Mithila (Janaka)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of maithila

maithila - relating to Mithila; a king of Mithila

सङ्गधर्मा (saṅgadharmā) - having the nature of attachment, characterized by association

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgadharma

saṅgadharma - whose nature (dharma) is attachment (saṅga)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṅga+dharma)

• saṅga – attachment, union, association
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, arises

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

एष (eṣa) - this (puruṣa) (this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

निःसङ्गात्मा (niḥsaṅgātmā) - the (puruṣa) whose ātman (self/essence) is unattached (the unattached self, whose essence is unattached)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥsaṅgātman

niḥsaṅgātman - having an unattached self (ātman), free from attachment

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+saṅga+ātman)

• nis – without, free from
  indeclinable
• saṅga – attachment, union, association
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit, breath
  noun (masculine)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, O ruler of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, master, lord
  noun (masculine)