महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-296, verse-46

येन क्षराक्षरे वित्ते न भयं तस्य विद्यते ।
विद्यते तु भयं तस्य यो नैतद्वेत्ति पार्थिव ॥४६॥

46. yena kṣarākṣare vitte na bhayaṁ tasya vidyate ,
vidyate tu bhayaṁ tasya yo naitadvetti pārthiva.

46. yena kṣarākṣare vitte na bhayam tasya vidyate
vidyate tu bhayam tasya yaḥ na etat vetti pārthiva

46. pārthiva yena kṣarākṣare vitte tasya bhayam na
vidyate tu yaḥ etat na vetti tasya bhayam vidyate

46. O king, for the one by whom the perishable and the imperishable are understood, there is no fear. However, fear exists for him who does not know this [truth].

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which, whereby

• क्षराक्षरे (kṣarākṣare) - in the perishable and the imperishable

• वित्ते (vitte) - known, understood, ascertained

• न (na) - not, no

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is known

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is known

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• न (na) - not, no

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (O king, O son of Pṛthā, O earthly one)

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom, by which, whereby

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what

क्षराक्षरे (kṣarākṣare) - in the perishable and the imperishable

(noun)

Locative, neuter, dual of kṣarākṣara

kṣarākṣara - the perishable and the imperishable

Compound type : dvandva (kṣara+akṣara)

• kṣara – perishable, flowing, decaying
  adjective
  derived from root kṣar- to flow, perish
  Root: kṣar (class 1)
• akṣara – imperishable, immutable, syllable
  adjective
  a (negation) + kṣara (perishable)
  Prefix: a

Note: Dual locative refers to 'in both the perishable and the imperishable'.

वित्ते (vitte) - known, understood, ascertained

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, dual of vitta

vitta - known, understood, obtained, found, wealth

Past Passive Participle

from root vid (to know/find)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies kṣarākṣare.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, dread

Root: bhī (class 3)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'him' (the one who knows).

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is known

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Middle Third Person Singular

From root vid- 'to be' (class 4) or 'to know' (class 2), here 'to exist'

Root: vid (class 4)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is known

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Middle Third Person Singular

From root vid- 'to be' (class 4) or 'to know' (class 2), here 'to exist'

Root: vid (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, dread

Root: bhī (class 3)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'him' (the one who does not know).

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to the knowledge of kṣara and akṣara.

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active Third Person Singular

From root vid- 'to know' (class 2)

Root: vid (class 2)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (O king, O son of Pṛthā, O earthly one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth, earthly, a prince, a king

derived from pṛthivī (earth)