महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-296, verse-47

अविज्ञानाच्च मूढात्मा पुनः पुनरुपद्रवन् ।
प्रेत्य जातिसहस्राणि मरणान्तान्युपाश्नुते ॥४७॥

47. avijñānācca mūḍhātmā punaḥ punarupadravan ,
pretya jātisahasrāṇi maraṇāntānyupāśnute.

47. avijñānāt ca mūḍhātmā punaḥ punaḥ upadravan
pretya jātisahasrāṇi maraṇāntāni upāśnute

47. ca avijñānāt mūḍhātmā punaḥ punaḥ upadravan
pretya maraṇāntāni jātisahasrāṇi upāśnute

47. And due to ignorance, the deluded soul (ātman), repeatedly suffering, experiences thousands of births that culminate in death, after passing away.

Words meanings summery:

• अविज्ञानात् (avijñānāt) - from non-knowledge, due to ignorance

• च (ca) - and, also

• मूढात्मा (mūḍhātmā) - the deluded soul (ātman) (deluded soul, foolish self)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, repeatedly

• उपद्रवन् (upadravan) - suffering (suffering, afflicting, causing trouble)

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after passing away (having died, after death)

• जातिसहस्राणि (jātisahasrāṇi) - thousands of births/existences

• मरणान्तानि (maraṇāntāni) - that culminate in death (ending in death, followed by death)

• उपाश्नुते (upāśnute) - experiences (he obtains, he experiences, he undergoes)

Words meanings and morphology

अविज्ञानात् (avijñānāt) - from non-knowledge, due to ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of avijñāna

avijñāna - ignorance, lack of knowledge

a (negation) + vijñāna (knowledge)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vijñāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vijñāna – knowledge, understanding, discrimination
  noun (neuter)
  vi (prefix) + jñāna (knowledge)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मूढात्मा (mūḍhātmā) - the deluded soul (ātman) (deluded soul, foolish self)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍhātman

mūḍhātman - deluded soul, ignorant self

compound of mūḍha (deluded) and ātman (self, soul)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mūḍha+ātman)

• mūḍha – deluded, foolish, ignorant
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root muh- 'to be confused'
  Root: muh (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, individual soul, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice for emphasis: 'again and again'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice for emphasis: 'again and again'.

उपद्रवन् (upadravan) - suffering (suffering, afflicting, causing trouble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upadravat

upadravat - suffering, afflicting, causing trouble

Present Active Participle

from root dru- 'to run' with upasarga upa- 'towards, near', implying suffering

Prefix: upa

Root: dru (class 1)

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after passing away (having died, after death)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root i- 'to go' with upasarga pra- 'forth, away'

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

जातिसहस्राणि (jātisahasrāṇi) - thousands of births/existences

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of jātisahasra

jātisahasra - a thousand births

compound of jāti (birth) and sahasra (thousand)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jāti+sahasra)

• jāti – birth, existence, species, caste
  noun (feminine)
  from root jan- 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

मरणान्तानि (maraṇāntāni) - that culminate in death (ending in death, followed by death)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of maraṇānta

maraṇānta - ending in death

compound of maraṇa (death) and anta (end)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (maraṇa+anta)

• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  from root mṛ- 'to die'
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• anta – end, boundary, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies jātisahasrāṇi.

उपाश्नुते (upāśnute) - experiences (he obtains, he experiences, he undergoes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upa-aś

Present Middle Third Person Singular

from root aś- 'to obtain' with upasarga upa- 'towards'

Prefix: upa

Root: aś (class 5)