महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-296, verse-12

ततस्त्यजति सोऽव्यक्तं सर्गप्रलयधर्मिणम् ।
निर्गुणः प्रकृतिं वेद गुणयुक्तामचेतनाम् ॥१२॥

12. tatastyajati so'vyaktaṁ sargapralayadharmiṇam ,
nirguṇaḥ prakṛtiṁ veda guṇayuktāmacetanām.

12. tataḥ tyajati saḥ avyaktam sargapralayadharmiṇam
nirguṇaḥ prakṛtim veda guṇayuktām acetanām

12. tataḥ saḥ nirguṇaḥ sargapralayadharmiṇam avyaktam
tyajati prakṛtim guṇayuktām acetanām veda

12. Then, that person (puruṣa), being devoid of qualities (guṇas), abandons the unmanifest (avyakta), whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is characterized by creation and dissolution. He then understands material nature (prakṛti) as being endowed with qualities (guṇas) and as unconscious.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons, gives up, renounces

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the twenty-sixth principle (Purusha) from the previous verse (he, that)

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest primordial nature (prakṛti) (the unmanifest, primordial matter)

• सर्गप्रलयधर्मिणम् (sargapralayadharmiṇam) - whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is creation and dissolution, subject to creation and dissolution

• निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - devoid of qualities (guṇas), without attributes

• प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - material nature, primordial matter

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands

• गुणयुक्ताम् (guṇayuktām) - endowed with qualities (guṇas)

• अचेतनाम् (acetanām) - unconscious, insentient, non-sentient

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons, gives up, renounces

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Root 'tyaj' (class 1, parasmaipada)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the twenty-sixth principle (Purusha) from the previous verse (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'ṣaḍviṃśaḥ' or Purusha from the previous verse.

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest primordial nature (prakṛti) (the unmanifest, primordial matter)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, indistinct, imperceptible, primordial matter (prakṛti)

Past Passive Participle

a- (negation) + vi- (prefix) + añj (to make manifest, anoint)

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Here used as a noun, referring to 'pradhāna' or primordial 'prakṛti'.

सर्गप्रलयधर्मिणम् (sargapralayadharmiṇam) - whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is creation and dissolution, subject to creation and dissolution

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sargapralayadharmin

sargapralayadharmin - having the nature of creation and dissolution

Bahuvrīhi compound: sarga-pralaya + dharmin

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarga+pralaya+dharmin)

• sarga – creation, emission
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sṛj'
  Root: sṛj (class 6)
• pralaya – dissolution, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'lī' with prefix 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: lī (class 4)
• dharman – intrinsic nature, characteristic, property (often used as 'dharma' in compounds)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'dharma' + 'in' suffix

Note: Modifies 'avyaktam'.

निर्गुणः (nirguṇaḥ) - devoid of qualities (guṇas), without attributes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities (guṇas), attributeless, transcendent

Bahuvrīhi compound: nis + guṇa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+guṇa)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
  Prepositional prefix
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of prakṛti (sattva, rajas, tamas)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ'.

प्रकृतिम् (prakṛtim) - material nature, primordial matter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, material nature, primordial matter, constitution

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वेद (veda) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (liṭ) of vid

Root 'vid' (class 2, parasmaipada, perfect tense forms used in present sense)

Root: vid (class 2)

गुणयुक्ताम् (guṇayuktām) - endowed with qualities (guṇas)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of guṇayuktā

guṇayukta - endowed with qualities (guṇas), possessing attributes

Tatpuruṣa compound: guṇa + yukta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+yukta)

• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of prakṛti (sattva, rajas, tamas)
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – joined, endowed, connected, yoked
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yuj'
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'prakṛtim'.

अचेतनाम् (acetanām) - unconscious, insentient, non-sentient

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of acetanā

acetana - unconscious, insentient, inanimate

a- (negation) + cetana (conscious)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+cetana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cetana – conscious, sentient, animate
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'cit'
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'prakṛtim'.