महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-292, verse-18

शैवालभोजनश्चैव तथाचामेन वर्तयन् ।
वर्तयञ्शीर्णपर्णैश्च प्रकीर्णफलभोजनः ॥१८॥

18. śaivālabhojanaścaiva tathācāmena vartayan ,
vartayañśīrṇaparṇaiśca prakīrṇaphalabhojanaḥ.

18. śaivālabhojanaḥ ca eva tathā ca āmena vartayan
vartayan śīrṇaparṇaiḥ ca prakīrṇaphalabhojanaḥ

18. śaivālabhojanaḥ ca eva tathā ca āmena vartayan
śīrṇaparṇaiḥ ca vartayan prakīrṇaphalabhojanaḥ

18. One who subsists on moss; and similarly, one sustaining oneself on unboiled rice water (gruel). There is also one who sustains oneself on withered leaves, and one who eats fallen fruits.

Words meanings summery:

• शैवालभोजनः (śaivālabhojanaḥ) - an ascetic who subsists solely on moss (algae) (one who eats moss)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, likewise

• च (ca) - and, also

• आमेन (āmena) - sustaining oneself by consuming unboiled rice water or raw gruel (by unboiled rice water, by raw gruel)

• वर्तयन् (vartayan) - one who sustains oneself (by means of the preceding substance) (sustaining oneself, living, subsisting)

• वर्तयन् (vartayan) - one who sustains oneself (by means of the preceding substance) (sustaining oneself, living, subsisting)

• शीर्णपर्णैः (śīrṇaparṇaiḥ) - sustaining oneself by consuming withered or fallen leaves (by withered leaves)

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रकीर्णफलभोजनः (prakīrṇaphalabhojanaḥ) - an ascetic who subsists by eating fruits that have fallen naturally (not picked) (one who eats scattered fruits)

Words meanings and morphology

शैवालभोजनः (śaivālabhojanaḥ) - an ascetic who subsists solely on moss (algae) (one who eats moss)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaivālabhojana

śaivālabhojana - subsisting on moss/algae

compound of śaivāla (moss/algae) and bhojana (eater/eating)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaivāla+bhojana)

• śaivāla – moss, algae, lichen
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śī (class 2)
• bhojana – eating, food, act of eating
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from root bhuj (to eat, enjoy) with suffix -ana
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Forms a compound with `śaivāla`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word or concept.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, likewise

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this phrase to the preceding one, indicating similarity.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आमेन (āmena) - sustaining oneself by consuming unboiled rice water or raw gruel (by unboiled rice water, by raw gruel)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of āma

āma - raw, uncooked, unboiled, unbaked; unboiled rice water, gruel

Note: Refers to a specific type of ascetic diet.

वर्तयन् (vartayan) - one who sustains oneself (by means of the preceding substance) (sustaining oneself, living, subsisting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartat

vartat - living, existing, being

Present Active Participle

from root vṛt (to turn, exist) with śatṛ suffix

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used substantively, implying 'one who sustains oneself'.

वर्तयन् (vartayan) - one who sustains oneself (by means of the preceding substance) (sustaining oneself, living, subsisting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartat

vartat - living, existing, being

Present Active Participle

from root vṛt (to turn, exist) with śatṛ suffix

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used substantively, implying 'one who sustains oneself'.

शीर्णपर्णैः (śīrṇaparṇaiḥ) - sustaining oneself by consuming withered or fallen leaves (by withered leaves)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śīrṇaparṇa

śīrṇaparṇa - withered leaf

compound of śīrṇa (withered) and parṇa (leaf)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śīrṇa+parṇa)

• śīrṇa – withered, dried, fallen, decayed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root śṝ (to tear, decay)
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Forms a compound with `śīrṇa`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रकीर्णफलभोजनः (prakīrṇaphalabhojanaḥ) - an ascetic who subsists by eating fruits that have fallen naturally (not picked) (one who eats scattered fruits)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakīrṇaphalabhojana

prakīrṇaphalabhojana - eating scattered/fallen fruits

compound of prakīrṇa (scattered/fallen), phala (fruit), and bhojana (eater/eating)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prakīrṇa+phala+bhojana)

• prakīrṇa – scattered, spread, fallen, diffused
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from pra-kīr (pra + kīr, to scatter, strew)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kīr (class 6)
• phala – fruit, product, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)
• bhojana – eating, food, act of eating
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from root bhuj (to eat, enjoy) with suffix -ana
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Forms the final part of the compound `prakīrṇaphalabhojanaḥ`.