महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-9

वाक्सायका वदनान्निष्पतन्ति यैराहतः शोचति रात्र्यहानि ।
परस्य नामर्मसु ते पतन्ति तान्पण्डितो नावसृजेत्परेषु ॥९॥

9. vāksāyakā vadanānniṣpatanti; yairāhataḥ śocati rātryahāni ,
parasya nāmarmasu te patanti; tānpaṇḍito nāvasṛjetpareṣu.

9. vāksāyakāḥ vadanāt niṣpatanti
yaiḥ āhataḥ śocati rātryahāni
parasya na amarmasu te patanti
tān paṇḍitaḥ na avasṛjet pareṣu

9. vadanāt vāksāyakāḥ niṣpatanti
yaiḥ āhataḥ rātryahāni śocati
te parasya na amarmasu patanti
paṇḍitaḥ tān pareṣu na avasṛjet

9. Word-arrows shoot forth from the mouth; wounded by them, one grieves night and day. They fall upon the vital spots of another. A wise person should not unleash such (arrows) upon others.

Words meanings summery:

• वाक्सायकाः (vāksāyakāḥ) - word-arrows (word-arrows, arrows of speech)

• वदनात् (vadanāt) - from the mouth (from the mouth, from speaking)

• निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - shoot forth (they shoot forth, they fly out, they fall down)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (arrows) (by which (plural masculine/neuter))

• आहतः (āhataḥ) - wounded (wounded, struck, hit)

• शोचति (śocati) - one grieves (he grieves, he sorrows)

• रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - night and day

• परस्य (parasya) - of another (of another, another's)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• अमर्मसु (amarmasu) - in non-vital spots (in non-vital spots, in non-vulnerable places)

• ते (te) - those (word-arrows) (those (masculine nominative plural))

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall (they fall, they fly, they drop)

• तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (those (masculine accusative plural))

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a wise person (a wise person, a scholar)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• अवसृजेत् (avasṛjet) - should unleash (should let loose, should unleash, should cast off)

• परेषु (pareṣu) - upon others (among others, on others)

Words meanings and morphology

वाक्सायकाः (vāksāyakāḥ) - word-arrows (word-arrows, arrows of speech)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāksāyaka

vāksāyaka - word-arrow, arrow of speech

Compound of 'vāc' (speech) and 'sāyaka' (arrow).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāc+sāyaka)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
• sāyaka – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
  From root √si (to bind, cast, throw).
  Root: si (class 4)

वदनात् (vadanāt) - from the mouth (from the mouth, from speaking)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vadana

vadana - mouth, face, speaking

From root √vad (to speak).

Root: vad (class 1)

निष्पतन्ति (niṣpatanti) - shoot forth (they shoot forth, they fly out, they fall down)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Active

3rd person plural present active of √pat with upasarga niṣ.

Prefix: nis

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Sandhi with `niḥ` + `patanti` changes `s` to `ṣ` before `p`.

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which (arrows) (by which (plural masculine/neuter))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to `vāksāyakāḥ`.

आहतः (āhataḥ) - wounded (wounded, struck, hit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhata

āhata - wounded, struck, hit

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used as a substantive, 'one who is wounded'.

शोचति (śocati) - one grieves (he grieves, he sorrows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Present Active

3rd person singular present active of √śuc.

Root: śuc (class 1)

रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - night and day

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of rātryahan

rātryahan - night and day

Dvandva compound of 'rātri' (night) and 'ahan' (day).

Compound type : dvandva (rātri+ahan)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage.

परस्य (parasya) - of another (of another, another's)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant, ultimate

Note: Used as a substantive, 'of another person'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

अमर्मसु (amarmasu) - in non-vital spots (in non-vital spots, in non-vulnerable places)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of amarma

amarma - non-vital spot, non-vulnerable place

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of 'a' (not) and 'marman' (vital spot).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• marman – vital spot, vulnerable point
  noun (neuter)

Note: Combined with `na` earlier, means 'not in non-vital spots' i.e., 'in vital spots'.

ते (te) - those (word-arrows) (those (masculine nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to `vāksāyakāḥ`.

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall (they fall, they fly, they drop)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Active

3rd person plural present active of √pat.

Root: pat (class 1)

तान् (tān) - those (arrows) (those (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to `vāksāyakāḥ`.

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a wise person (a wise person, a scholar)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - wise, learned, a scholar

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

अवसृजेत् (avasṛjet) - should unleash (should let loose, should unleash, should cast off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of sṛj

Optative

3rd person singular optative active of √sṛj with upasarga ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: sṛj (class 6)

परेषु (pareṣu) - upon others (among others, on others)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant, ultimate

Note: Used as a substantive, 'among other persons'.