महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-17

यो नात्युक्तः प्राह रूक्षं प्रियं वा यो वा हतो न प्रतिहन्ति धैर्यात् ।
पापं च यो नेच्छति तस्य हन्तुस्तस्मै देवाः स्पृहयन्ते सदैव ॥१७॥

17. yo nātyuktaḥ prāha rūkṣaṁ priyaṁ vā; yo vā hato na pratihanti dhairyāt ,
pāpaṁ ca yo necchati tasya hantu;stasmai devāḥ spṛhayante sadaiva.

17. yaḥ na atyuktaḥ prāha rūkṣam priyam
vā yaḥ vā hataḥ na pratihanti dhairyāt
pāpam ca yaḥ na icchati tasya hantuḥ
tasmai devāḥ spṛhayante sadā eva

17. yaḥ atyuktaḥ na prāha rūkṣam vā priyam
vā yaḥ hataḥ dhairyāt na pratihanti
ca yaḥ tasya hantuḥ pāpam na icchati
tasmai devāḥ sadā eva spṛhayante

17. He who, though greatly provoked, does not speak harshly or even kindly in return; or he who, when struck, does not retaliate with patience; and he who does not wish evil upon his assailant—the gods always yearn for such a person.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• न (na) - not

• अत्युक्तः (atyuktaḥ) - excessively spoken to, highly provoked, much abused

• प्राह (prāha) - speaks, says

• रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) - harshly, roughly, unkindly

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasantly, kindly, dear (word)

• वा (vā) - or

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• वा (vā) - or

• हतः (hataḥ) - struck, harmed, killed

• न (na) - not

• प्रतिहन्ति (pratihanti) - retaliates, strikes back

• धैर्यात् (dhairyāt) - from fortitude, with patience, due to courage

• पापम् (pāpam) - evil, sin, wrong

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• न (na) - not

• इच्छति (icchati) - wishes, desires

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• हन्तुः (hantuḥ) - of the slayer, of the assailant, of the attacker

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, for him

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• स्पृहयन्ते (spṛhayante) - yearn for, desire, covet, envy

• सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अत्युक्तः (atyuktaḥ) - excessively spoken to, highly provoked, much abused

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atyukta

atyukta - excessively spoken to, highly provoked

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root vac- (to speak) with prefix ati- (excessively, beyond).

Prefix: ati

Root: vac (class 2)

प्राह (prāha) - speaks, says

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of pra-ah

Perfect tense 3rd singular of the root 'ah' (to say) with prefix 'pra'. Often used in a general sense even for present actions in certain contexts.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Although formally perfect, it functions here in a general present sense describing a characteristic.

रूक्षम् (rūkṣam) - harshly, roughly, unkindly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - harsh, rough, unkind

Note: Used adverbially here.

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasantly, kindly, dear (word)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, kind

Note: Used adverbially here.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

हतः (hataḥ) - struck, harmed, killed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, harmed, killed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root han- (to strike, to kill).

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्रतिहन्ति (pratihanti) - retaliates, strikes back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of pratihan

Root han- (to strike, to kill) with prefix prati- (in return, against).

Prefix: prati

Root: han (class 2)

धैर्यात् (dhairyāt) - from fortitude, with patience, due to courage

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dhairya

dhairya - fortitude, patience, courage

Abstract noun from dhīra (firm, steady).

Note: Used adverbially.

पापम् (pāpam) - evil, sin, wrong

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, sin, wrong

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

इच्छति (icchati) - wishes, desires

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

हन्तुः (hantuḥ) - of the slayer, of the assailant, of the attacker

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hantṛ

hantṛ - slayer, assailant, attacker

Agent noun

Derived from the root han- (to strike, to kill) with agent suffix -tṛ.

Root: han (class 2)

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him, for him

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

स्पृहयन्ते (spṛhayante) - yearn for, desire, covet, envy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (Laṭ) of spṛh

Root spṛh- (to desire) in ṇa-anta (causative) form, used in the middle voice.

Root: spṛh (class 10)

सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

(indeclinable)