महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-40

हंस उवाच ।
अज्ञानेनावृतो लोको मात्सर्यान्न प्रकाशते ।
लोभात्त्यजति मित्राणि सङ्गात्स्वर्गं न गच्छति ॥४०॥

40. haṁsa uvāca ,
ajñānenāvṛto loko mātsaryānna prakāśate ,
lobhāttyajati mitrāṇi saṅgātsvargaṁ na gacchati.

40. haṃsaḥ uvāca ajñānena āvṛtaḥ lokaḥ mātsaryāt na prakāśate
lobhāt tyajati mitrāṇi saṅgāt svargam na gacchati

40. haṃsaḥ uvāca lokaḥ ajñānena āvṛtaḥ mātsaryāt na prakāśate
lobhāt mitrāṇi tyajati saṅgāt svargam na gacchati

40. The Hamsa (celestial sage) said: "The world, enveloped by ignorance, does not shine forth due to envy. From greed, one abandons friends, and due to attachment, one does not reach heaven."

Words meanings summery:

• हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - The celestial sage Hamsa (speaker) (swan, a specific celestial sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अज्ञानेन (ajñānena) - by ignorance (by ignorance, by lack of knowledge)

• आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - enveloped (covered, enveloped, hidden)

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - the world, people (world, people, community)

• मात्सर्यात् (mātsaryāt) - due to envy (from envy, from jealousy, from selfishness)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines forth (shines forth, is revealed, becomes manifest)

• लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed (from greed, out of covetousness)

• त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons (abandons, gives up, forsakes)

• मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends (friends, allies)

• सङ्गात् (saṅgāt) - due to attachment (from attachment, from association, from contact)

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, celestial abode)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• गच्छति (gacchati) - reaches (goes, reaches, attains)

Words meanings and morphology

हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - The celestial sage Hamsa (speaker) (swan, a specific celestial sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose, a kind of ascetic, the soul, the sun, a celestial sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect, 3rd person, singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

अज्ञानेन (ajñānena) - by ignorance (by ignorance, by lack of knowledge)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, lack of knowledge

Negative particle 'a' + 'jñāna' (knowledge)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - enveloped (covered, enveloped, hidden)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded, hidden

Past Passive Participle

from ā-√vṛ (to cover, surround)

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

लोकः (lokaḥ) - the world, people (world, people, community)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, folk, community, sphere

मात्सर्यात् (mātsaryāt) - due to envy (from envy, from jealousy, from selfishness)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mātsarya

mātsarya - envy, jealousy, selfishness, stinginess

from matsara (envious, selfish) + -ya (suffix for abstract noun)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines forth (shines forth, is revealed, becomes manifest)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pra-kāś

present middle

Present, 3rd person, singular, middle voice

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed (from greed, out of covetousness)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of lobha

lobha - greed, covetousness, desire

त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons (abandons, gives up, forsakes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of tyaj

present active

Present, 3rd person, singular, active voice

Root: tyaj (class 1)

मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends (friends, allies)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally

Note: Commonly neuter plural for 'friends'.

सङ्गात् (saṅgāt) - due to attachment (from attachment, from association, from contact)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṅga

saṅga - attachment, association, contact, union

from saṃ-√gam (to meet, unite, attach)

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven (heaven, celestial abode)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial abode

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

गच्छति (gacchati) - reaches (goes, reaches, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of gam

present active

Present, 3rd person, singular, active voice

Root: gam (class 1)