महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-37

न वै देवा हीनसत्त्वेन तोष्याः सर्वाशिना दुष्कृतकर्मणा वा ।
सत्यव्रता ये तु नराः कृतज्ञा धर्मे रतास्तैः सह संभजन्ते ॥३७॥

37. na vai devā hīnasattvena toṣyāḥ; sarvāśinā duṣkṛtakarmaṇā vā ,
satyavratā ye tu narāḥ kṛtajñā; dharme ratāstaiḥ saha saṁbhajante.

37. na vai devāḥ hīnasattvena toṣyāḥ
sarvāśinā duṣkṛtakarmaṇā vā
satyavratāḥ ye tu narāḥ kṛtajñāḥ
dharme ratāḥ taiḥ saha saṃbhajante

37. devāḥ vai hīnasattvena sarvāśinā
vā duṣkṛtakarmaṇā na toṣyāḥ tu
ye narāḥ satyavratāḥ kṛtajñāḥ
dharme ratāḥ taiḥ saha saṃbhajante

37. Indeed, the gods are not to be appeased by a person of weak character, nor by one who eats indiscriminately or performs evil actions (karma). But those men who are truthful in their vows, who are grateful, and who are devoted to righteousness (dharma) – with them do the gods associate.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

• हीनसत्त्वेन (hīnasattvena) - by a person of weak character (by one of weak character/strength/essence)

• तोष्याः (toṣyāḥ) - to be appeased (to be pleased, to be appeased)

• सर्वाशिना (sarvāśinā) - by one who eats indiscriminately (by an indiscriminate eater, by one who eats everything)

• दुष्कृतकर्मणा (duṣkṛtakarmaṇā) - by a performer of evil actions (karma) (by one who performs evil deeds (karma))

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• सत्यव्रताः (satyavratāḥ) - truthful in their vows (truthful in vows, whose vows are true)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, however)

• नराः (narāḥ) - men (men, human beings)

• कृतज्ञाः (kṛtajñāḥ) - grateful (grateful, knowing what is done, acknowledging favors)

• धर्मे (dharme) - in righteousness (dharma) (in dharma, in righteousness, in the natural law)

• रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted (to righteousness) (devoted, engaged, delighted)

• तैः (taiḥ) - with them (referring to the virtuous men) (by them, with them)

• सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

• संभजन्ते (saṁbhajante) - they associate (with) (they associate with, they partake of, they honor)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Root: div (class 4)

हीनसत्त्वेन (hīnasattvena) - by a person of weak character (by one of weak character/strength/essence)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hīnasattva

hīnasattva - of weak character, deprived of essence/strength, base-minded

Bahuvrīhi compound: hīna (deficient, weak) + sattva (essence, strength, character).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hīna+sattva)

• hīna – deficient, abandoned, weak, low
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hā (to abandon, lose).
  Root: hā (class 3)
• sattva – essence, being, character, strength, courage
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies an implicit person.

तोष्याः (toṣyāḥ) - to be appeased (to be pleased, to be appeased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of toṣya

toṣya - to be pleased, to be satisfied, to be appeased

Gerundive (future passive participle)

From causative of root tuṣ (to be pleased, satisfied).

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'devāḥ'.

सर्वाशिना (sarvāśinā) - by one who eats indiscriminately (by an indiscriminate eater, by one who eats everything)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sarvāśin

sarvāśin - eating everything, omnivorous, indiscriminate eater

Compound: sarva (all) + āśin (eater). From root aś (to eat) with agent suffix -in.

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+āśin)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• āśin – eater, consuming
  adjective
  From root aś (to eat) with agent suffix -in.
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Qualifies an implicit person.

दुष्कृतकर्मणा (duṣkṛtakarmaṇā) - by a performer of evil actions (karma) (by one who performs evil deeds (karma))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duṣkṛtakarman

duṣkṛtakarman - one who performs evil deeds, evil-doer

Bahuvrīhi compound: duṣkṛta (evil deed) + karman (action).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duṣkṛta+karman)

• duṣkṛta – evil deed, misdeed
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from prefix duṣ (bad) and kṛta (done, deed).
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies an implicit person. 'karman' is a specific term in the instructions.

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सत्यव्रताः (satyavratāḥ) - truthful in their vows (truthful in vows, whose vows are true)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satyavrata

satyavrata - truthful in vows, whose vows are true, devoted to truth

Bahuvrīhi compound: satya (truth) + vrata (vow, religious observance).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vrata)

• satya – truth, real, true
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from sat (being).
  Root: as (class 2)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'narāḥ'.

ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating contrast or continuation.

नराः (narāḥ) - men (men, human beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

कृतज्ञाः (kṛtajñāḥ) - grateful (grateful, knowing what is done, acknowledging favors)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - grateful, acknowledging favors, knowing what has been done

Compound: kṛta (done, deed) + jña (knowing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+jña)

• kṛta – done, made, deed, favor
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, understanding
  adjective
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'narāḥ'.

धर्मे (dharme) - in righteousness (dharma) (in dharma, in righteousness, in the natural law)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order (dharma)

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted (to righteousness) (devoted, engaged, delighted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rata

rata - pleased, delighted, engaged in, devoted to

Past Passive Participle

From root ram (to delight, be pleased).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'narāḥ'.

तैः (taiḥ) - with them (referring to the virtuous men) (by them, with them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing instrumental case.

संभजन्ते (saṁbhajante) - they associate (with) (they associate with, they partake of, they honor)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of saṃbhaj

Present Middle Indicative

From root bhaj (to divide, partake, worship) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'devāḥ'.