महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-34

सदा देवाः साधुभिः संवदन्ते न मानुषं विषयं यान्ति द्रष्टुम् ।
नेन्दुः समः स्यादसमो हि वायुरुच्चावचं विषयं यः स वेद ॥३४॥

34. sadā devāḥ sādhubhiḥ saṁvadante; na mānuṣaṁ viṣayaṁ yānti draṣṭum ,
nenduḥ samaḥ syādasamo hi vāyu;ruccāvacaṁ viṣayaṁ yaḥ sa veda.

34. sadā devāḥ sādhubhiḥ saṃvadante na
mānuṣam viṣayam yānti draṣṭum |
na induḥ samaḥ syāt asamaḥ hi
vāyuḥ uccāvacam viṣayam yaḥ sa veda

34. devāḥ sadā sādhubhiḥ saṃvadante,
na mānuṣam viṣayam draṣṭum yānti.
induḥ samaḥ na syāt,
hi vāyuḥ asamaḥ.
yaḥ sa uccāvacam viṣayam veda.

34. The gods always converse with the virtuous; they do not go to observe human affairs. The moon would not be equal (to the wind); for the wind is indeed unequal. It is the wind that knows all high and low affairs.

Words meanings summery:

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, at all times

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

• साधुभिः (sādhubhiḥ) - with the virtuous, with good people

• संवदन्ते (saṁvadante) - converse, speak together, agree

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human affairs or matters (human, pertaining to humans, human affairs)

• विषयम् (viṣayam) - affairs or matters (of humans) (object, sphere, domain, affair, matter)

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they move, they proceed

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, to observe, to look at

• न (na) - not, no

• इन्दुः (induḥ) - moon

• समः (samaḥ) - equal (to the wind) (equal, same, uniform)

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be (hypothetically) (may be, should be, would be)

• असमः (asamaḥ) - unequal, unmatched, irregular

• हि (hi) - introduces a reason or emphasis ('for') (indeed, surely, for, because)

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - the element or deity of wind (wind, air, the god of wind)

• उच्चावचम् (uccāvacam) - all kinds of affairs, both elevated and lowly (high and low, varied, diverse)

• विषयम् (viṣayam) - affairs or concerns (of the world) (object, sphere, domain, affair, matter)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• स (sa) - he, that (one)

• वेद (veda) - knows, understands, perceives

Words meanings and morphology

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, at all times

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'saṃvadante' and 'yānti'.

साधुभिः (sādhubhiḥ) - with the virtuous, with good people

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man

Root: sādh (class 5)

संवदन्ते (saṁvadante) - converse, speak together, agree

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of saṃvadante

Present middle indicative

Formed from root √vad (1st class) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human affairs or matters (human, pertaining to humans, human affairs)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, pertaining to man, human being

Derived from man_u (man).

विषयम् (viṣayam) - affairs or matters (of humans) (object, sphere, domain, affair, matter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, sphere, domain, subject, matter, affair

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they move, they proceed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yānti

Present active indicative

Formed from root √yā (2nd class).

Root: yā (class 2)

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see, to observe, to look at

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Formed from root √dṛś (1st class, but ṭumun infinitive has irregular form).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose: 'in order to see'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इन्दुः (induḥ) - moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indu

indu - moon, drop

Note: Subject of 'syāt'.

समः (samaḥ) - equal (to the wind) (equal, same, uniform)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, similar, uniform, tranquil

स्यात् (syāt) - would be (hypothetically) (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of syāt

Optative active

Formed from root √as (2nd class). Expresses possibility or a hypothetical situation.

Root: as (class 2)

असमः (asamaḥ) - unequal, unmatched, irregular

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asama

asama - unequal, uneven, unmatched, irregular

Negative compound of 'sama'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sama)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• sama – equal, same, similar, uniform
  adjective (masculine)

हि (hi) - introduces a reason or emphasis ('for') (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - the element or deity of wind (wind, air, the god of wind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, the god of wind

Root: vā (class 2)

उच्चावचम् (uccāvacam) - all kinds of affairs, both elevated and lowly (high and low, varied, diverse)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uccāvaca

uccāvaca - high and low, elevated and depressed, varied, diverse

Compound type : dvandva (ucca+avaca)

• ucca – high, elevated, loud
  adjective (neuter)
• avaca – low, depressed
  adjective (neuter)

विषयम् (viṣayam) - affairs or concerns (of the world) (object, sphere, domain, affair, matter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, sphere, domain, subject, matter, affair

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

स (sa) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'vāyuḥ'.

वेद (veda) - knows, understands, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of veda

Perfect active indicative (irregular 3rd pers. sg. of present system)

Formed from root √vid (2nd class). Often used as a present indicative.

Root: vid (class 2)