महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-25

आक्रोशनावमानाभ्यामबुधाद्वर्धते बुधः ।
तस्मान्न वर्धयेदन्यं न चात्मानं विहिंसयेत् ॥२५॥

25. ākrośanāvamānābhyāmabudhādvardhate budhaḥ ,
tasmānna vardhayedanyaṁ na cātmānaṁ vihiṁsayet.

25. ākrośanāvamānābhyām abudhāt vardhate budhaḥ tasmāt
na vardhayet anyam na ca ātmānam vihiṃsayet

25. abudhāt ākrośanāvamānābhyām budhaḥ vardhate tasmāt
anyam na vardhayet ca ātmānam na vihiṃsayet

25. A wise person (budha) prospers from the abuse and insult directed by an ignorant individual. Therefore, one should neither elevate another (by reacting to their negativity) nor harm oneself (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• आक्रोशनावमानाभ्याम् (ākrośanāvamānābhyām) - from abuse and insult (by abuse and insult)

• अबुधात् (abudhāt) - from an ignorant person (from an ignorant person, from a fool)

• वर्धते (vardhate) - prospers, increases (in wisdom/virtue) (increases, grows, prospers)

• बुधः (budhaḥ) - a wise person (budha) (a wise person, intelligent, learned)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, hence)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वर्धयेत् (vardhayet) - one should exalt, one should promote (by engaging) (one should cause to grow, one should exalt, one should foster)

• अन्यम् (anyam) - another (ignorant person) (another, other)

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• च (ca) - and, nor (and, also, moreover)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself (ātman) (oneself, the self (ātman))

• विहिंसयेत् (vihiṁsayet) - one should harm (one should injure, one should harm, one should violate)

Words meanings and morphology

आक्रोशनावमानाभ्याम् (ākrośanāvamānābhyām) - from abuse and insult (by abuse and insult)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of ākrośanāvamāna

ākrośanāvamāna - abuse and insult, reviling and disrespect

A dvandva compound of ākrośana (abuse) and avamāna (insult). The final 'a' of ākrośana and initial 'a' of avamāna combine to 'ā'.

Compound type : dvandva (ākrośana+avamāna)

• ākrośana – abuse, reviling, reproaching
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  Derived from root √kruś (to cry out, shout) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kruś (class 1)
• avamāna – insult, disrespect, contempt, slight
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  Derived from root √man (to think) with prefix ava-.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: The instrumental case denotes the means or cause.

अबुधात् (abudhāt) - from an ignorant person (from an ignorant person, from a fool)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of abudha

abudha - ignorant, foolish, unwise person

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'budha' (wise).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+budha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• budha – wise, intelligent, learned person
  noun (masculine)
  From root √budh (to know, perceive).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: The ablative case indicates the source or origin.

वर्धते (vardhate) - prospers, increases (in wisdom/virtue) (increases, grows, prospers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Reflects a natural growth or development.

बुधः (budhaḥ) - a wise person (budha) (a wise person, intelligent, learned)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, learned person

From root √budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: The subject of the verb vardhate.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, hence)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Functions as an adverb connecting the consequence to the previous statement.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

वर्धयेत् (vardhayet) - one should exalt, one should promote (by engaging) (one should cause to grow, one should exalt, one should foster)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛdh

causative

Causative form of root √vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Implies a moral injunction.

अन्यम् (anyam) - another (ignorant person) (another, other)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: The object of vardhayet.

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

च (ca) - and, nor (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two negative injunctions.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - oneself (ātman) (oneself, the self (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: The object of vihiṃsayet.

विहिंसयेत् (vihiṁsayet) - one should harm (one should injure, one should harm, one should violate)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vihiṃs

From root √hiṃs (to injure) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Implies a moral injunction.