महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-288, verse-8

नारुंतुदः स्यान्न नृशंसवादी न हीनतः परमभ्याददीत ।
ययास्य वाचा पर उद्विजेत न तां वदेद्रुशतीं पापलोक्याम् ॥८॥

8. nāruṁtudaḥ syānna nṛśaṁsavādī; na hīnataḥ paramabhyādadīta ,
yayāsya vācā para udvijeta; na tāṁ vadedruśatīṁ pāpalokyām.

8. na arumtudaḥ syāt na nṛśaṃsavādī
na hīnataḥ param abhyādadīta
yayā asya vācā paraḥ udvijeta
na tām vadet ruśatīm pāpalokyām

8. arumtudaḥ na syāt na nṛśaṃsavādī
na hīnataḥ param abhyādadīta
yayā asya vācā paraḥ udvijeta
tām ruśatīm pāpalokyām na vadet

8. One should not be a tormentor, nor a cruel speaker. One should not basely appropriate anything from another. One should not utter words by which another might be agitated, words that are harsh and lead to harm.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• अरुम्तुदः (arumtudaḥ) - a tormentor (one who causes pain, tormentor, hurting vital parts)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, let him be)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• नृशंसवादी (nṛśaṁsavādī) - a cruel speaker (a cruel speaker, one who speaks harshly)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• हीनतः (hīnataḥ) - basely, in a degrading way (from a low/base person or position, in a low/base manner)

• परम् (param) - another's (possessions or dignity) (another's, another, supreme, excellent, highest)

• अभ्याददीत (abhyādadīta) - should appropriate (should take, should appropriate, should seize)

• यया (yayā) - by which (by which, by whom)

• अस्य (asya) - his (of one who speaks) (his, of this, of him)

• वाचा (vācā) - by speech (by speech, by voice)

• परः (paraḥ) - another (person) (another, a foe, an enemy)

• उद्विजेत (udvijeta) - might be agitated (should tremble, should be agitated, should be distressed)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• ताम् (tām) - that (speech) (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

• वदेत् (vadet) - should utter (should speak, should say)

• रुशतीम् (ruśatīm) - harsh (harsh, abusive, violent (feminine accusative singular))

• पापलोक्याम् (pāpalokyām) - leading to harm (leading to sin/misfortune, worldly, base, sinful)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

अरुम्तुदः (arumtudaḥ) - a tormentor (one who causes pain, tormentor, hurting vital parts)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arumtuda

arumtuda - tormentor, hurting vital parts, causing pain

Compound of 'arus' (vital spot, wound) and 'tuda' (one who pushes/pricks/harms). From root √tud (to push, strike).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (arus+tuda)

• arus – wound, vital part, injury
  noun (neuter)
• tuda – pushing, pricking, harming, tormenting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root √tud (to push, strike), suffix -a.
  Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Refers to 'one' implied subject.

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, let him be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative

3rd person singular optative active of √as.

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

नृशंसवादी (nṛśaṁsavādī) - a cruel speaker (a cruel speaker, one who speaks harshly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsavādin

nṛśaṁsavādin - cruel speaker, one who speaks harshly or brutally

Compound of 'nṛśaṃsa' (cruel, harsh) and 'vādin' (speaker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛśaṃsa+vādin)

• nṛśaṃsa – cruel, harsh, savage
  adjective
• vādin – speaking, saying, speaker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root √vad (to speak), suffix -in.
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'one' implied subject.

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

हीनतः (hīnataḥ) - basely, in a degrading way (from a low/base person or position, in a low/base manner)

(indeclinable)

Adjective from √hā (to abandon, forsake, leave) + past participle suffix -ta. Here used adverbially with suffix -tas.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Ablative-like adverbial suffix -tas.

परम् (param) - another's (possessions or dignity) (another's, another, supreme, excellent, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant, ultimate

Note: Used as a substantive, implying 'another's (thing)' or 'another (person)'.

अभ्याददीत (abhyādadīta) - should appropriate (should take, should appropriate, should seize)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative

3rd person singular optative middle of √dā with upasargas abhi and ā.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: With prefixes `abhi` and `ā`, it means to seize, appropriate, take possession of.

यया (yayā) - by which (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to `vācā`.

अस्य (asya) - his (of one who speaks) (his, of this, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the implied speaker.

वाचा (vācā) - by speech (by speech, by voice)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice

परः (paraḥ) - another (person) (another, a foe, an enemy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant, ultimate

Note: Used as a substantive, 'another person'.

उद्विजेत (udvijeta) - might be agitated (should tremble, should be agitated, should be distressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vij

Optative

3rd person singular optative active of √vij with upasarga ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: The meaning is often reflexive/intransitive 'to be agitated'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - that (speech) (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to `vācam` (speech).

वदेत् (vadet) - should utter (should speak, should say)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vad

Optative

3rd person singular optative active of √vad.

Root: vad (class 1)

रुशतीम् (ruśatīm) - harsh (harsh, abusive, violent (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ruśat

ruśat - harsh, abusive, violent

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √ruś (to make noise, speak harshly).

Root: ruś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies `tām vācam`.

पापलोक्याम् (pāpalokyām) - leading to harm (leading to sin/misfortune, worldly, base, sinful)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāpalokyā

pāpalokyā - leading to sin/misfortune, worldly, base, sinful, universally condemned

From 'pāpaloka' (sinful world/people) + suffix -ya. Can mean 'belonging to the sinful world' or 'leading to a sinful state/misfortune'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+loka)

• pāpa – sin, evil, bad
  noun (neuter)
• loka – world, people, society, place
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `tām vācam`.